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1 
վ 
ǾһеĺǻңȻὫҪҹ磬ػأѲ֪ٴΡ 
㼴䶨ͷңûʲѹե 
ʲ˶ûУƿӪҺߴҵľʲᶫҲԲ£ݵֻʣһѹͷ۵Ҳ룬ҲǸϾСȶʹȻÿ֡ 
Ҷվ޷ƿصĶǾ뵽ǬѵĴᳶһԵЦݡ 
Ҳûĥҡ 

۵ҽվڴǰ˷飬Ҷ˵ˣСȵõθ 
ĵЦ᲻ţվǵýʵ֪㲻ΪҪģֻǷҲҲ˳ܵߡ 
㿴һ㣬Tļ鱨棬Ҫңθ 
ϿҲù⼸ձҶƣͺը϶ҲԲûǴߵЦҲƽ˵ķձ顣 
ԲңСȵҽԺˣÿݱ涼ģθĩڣڸúһ·ЩѧӸ 
֪ԼĿͦãĨһȳȥ侲һ£»ٸͻ 
ͻȻԫҰһû뵽Ҳʱµļ仹ʮ̣ʹڣȻܿ΢΢ 
ҶߴӰǷϵƺһȦңɾͲˡ 
Ҵԭ˫ıϣܷƹӲˤѡ 
ĽұǰҪ§ҵıԴһƷһƷ뵽˺ЦۣеǮʲҪûУ 
СȶΪʲ 
ͷҵľ磬ҸоʪҺ岻ϻҿɵ½·Ҷģҵ֮ǰϳȫȥˡ 
ϣʲӵеģ⣬һҲ޷⡣ 
ҶӾǰٱŰҲŪǰңȥıңԴҡ 
ڵңƿûС 

Сȶ𣿡 
޹ĺĿסңҴãĿνĹִìܵĶǧټƵĥ񣬲Ϊ˿Ϊ˺лʲỹҪң 
ûлش𣬱ڻ˯⽥ŨҶңûǰһˤ´Ҷͷһǣ˯Ҽ 

֮ᣬûҶȴһϢˣԫ 
û뵽㾹Ȼθû취𣿡 
һֱԫҵӡޣΧɢıҲҿڵȴµĺӣվǰںڵĳɫͫ״ңҪ֪һθȫһӣҿҪЩò 
ԫСϸ۲ûŷ½ŵǵı飬ĳֻشľҲ֪֮ǰҵΪݵҶ־岻ѣʲ֪ΪҴ˴˺ȴҪشҵģ 
ԫϵǬѣҪҪȵˮ촽Ǭ 
ѵĵͷóһ¾ۣԫڵŵ޻ڱմЩˮҵĴϣԫҶһϲչԼȴǴֱţǴүûЩʲ£ҲΪûмֵûĵ塣 
ԫʮֽһҴҵʱҲûרעմˮ޻С˼ˮҵĶϣԫϺõװΪҲȥ˵Ǹ޶ԵΪҴһС 
֮ûһٿ˵ԫĬһᣬڿҸˣиҪȣһ㡣 
ߵſʱԫͻȻִ˹ͷɥ 
֪㻹ǰҶġ 
ʶ뿪ڷȴֺƵ 
ûӦԫӸһɫЦݶǿ 
Ҳ֪ǲǺңҶ 
ǵĻѾɹıǡ 
2 
мڽֹ㲻ʲ£˼ͻСͨҲֻΪ̾ϢöͭҽǰҡͷˣǱӲңܹýҲܶӵв 
ʹʮ꣬СıСѧ磬˫㲼˺룬ҳиԸܹӵһ˫ǺܺõЬҴڽϣܹΪ˹̵İ·ֻܴҶ첻ٶ˽ŵס 
ʹһⲢʲ˵£˵⼸һӲܵΣֵֻܿңûʸӵϣ 
˵ļڣǶˣڸһֵһЩŲֱıӣǳ˯ˣȴҲ 
Ҷûһʱ£ִҵ磬ȻǸмͭС 
Ͻ·ǳ˶࣬Ҿ⵽ϴΰĳӸշˣúõȾˣײ˿ǸؤҲЩ 
Ǯ¡ 
СעĴ·ֻΪ˵ĵ㶫ѹӣҲŻð߹ʪͭ壬첽Խʱĳͭ岻֪ʱҵģȫֻʣöӲҵңһֻڼʻĳ֮ǰӵϼ 
ɷᣬֻȫʹˣ֮Ҳûʶ 
û뵽ƯҶ𵽺öˡ 
ҶЦӼʲʱѣ˯˺þá 
˹ĵα죬ҶҲѽ컹Ҫºˡ 
㶮ʲᣬҾû취úˡ 
û˯ƶ˯ˣȫůĸֱһʹʵ΢΢ߣǳɫ컨壬ҲԭϽ 
ˡ 
תԴǸˣرÿ֣ɫķ˿ǰƮұʼסϵĳζо񣬲֪ΪʲᣬҺ±ᡣ 
ոΪ˰Σһĺۣ΢̰ɡ 
ɫʹҵҲһůĴһ㱵Դ޷ʵת˺þã³ҽļ仰 
лл 
ûϹѧдֻܸЩīˮ˺ѧõľӣʮֺ仰ܱҵĸм 
ظҵлһúչ㣬㣬ٹˡ 
ҽҶʲ᣿ 
ҶϵЦʮֲãҺߵҡҡͷΪû֣ 
˵𣿡 
֪ʲᣬҶʱɫƺеһæҡҡ֣Ҷɫ˲ʱû𣿡 
ٴεͷҶЦúܿģû֣̫ˡ 
ҶҵļϣҵһƬͨ졣 
ҵˣСȶ 
3 
ҶȷչңȻУҲǽҷϿһʼֻ˵Щ򵥵ֻƬǷ̣˶ʿʿĴڣƫƫǸСѧûܹˡ 
Ҳ֮һ仰һʲᶼûеˣʧȥʲᶫҲʹࡣ 
ˣ߾ܵĸжʡԼ 
ڼһλʮļĵļͥʦõĽʦǸŮˣҵѧϰ᲻˳죬Цݴ𱸣Ĺܼ˵ҶܺõѣǸŮӣڹǸ˾ѧңҶҿҵҵ֪ᣬҸŬڷܶ飬ҹҲŹΪľ뱨𰬶ҶĶ顣 
ǵдҹ͵飬պҶҪҷ￴ǷѾ˯ͱҶ΢信Цһѱסϵң촽ҵĶᴵСȶʲỹ˯ 
ųųĻشһ˯ִܣһЩϰߡ 
֪Сȶ϶Ϊ˱ңƴùԲ 
ĵͷҶܶҵ˼ 
ҶÿıǼഥֻҪСȶԽҸǱˣʲҲ 
ҵķǵģӦǰʦ˵ĸжѽ͵֮һΪжǣҲûоܾ 
ԵŰıѹҴܵһغɨ޾赣ұǵûȻҪȴҶͻȻҴҧһڣоһ˿Ͼͱѣ㵵 
Сȶ£Ҫϰߵġ 
Щ£ϵѪһǬǴʹĸоûЩ΢Ŀ־壬Ҷҵڰңһʱϰߣġ 
ʮӦҪϹڼޣһֱӿѧѧƾ£еҶ취ҵѧϰѿʼϹҶǸĺӣʱҶˣûеҵͷҳңһ۹ң˿ 
ҶѣҲҵļͥҽһһΣÿζеҽƲӣԫҶһ۵ľˣ˹ĵӮñ˵Σ볢׽ͬһ㣬۾ĺɫĶҡ 
ֻҪ״ͺãĶûкô 
ң֪һֱǲ䲻ȣҶǰ䵭Ըӣ˵䵭һˣҴûȱˣǾǺԫ 
ÿÿ˵ϵһ仰Ҷ 
ҵֵҶĿݷ̸ҵ״ 
巽ûʲ⣬ڷʱûȡ㹻֣˵ȱܹһʳģʡ 
ԫҲһԣѩ׵ǽڣɹĳWڵϹӱҲ͸һ˻Ҫ䵭 
ΪؤסİϽֻʲɽ亣ζɣ˵Ƿϻ 
ԫֱҿϽֵĳһࡣ 
̶̵һ仰Ҽȴ£ʼգԶͬûֵȵңվǸԶܸƽȡ 
ҹҶĻУʹԸὫͻϽ𣿡 
Ҷ͵͵ЦˣȵģСȶϲ𣿡 
Ƶҡҡͷû˻ϲ˲пʵĵطǸĵط 
Сȶ¡ҵıȴ˯˯ߵң뵽һ£Ҷûлشҵ⡭ 
4 
ԴһʱҲûҴӺδӵڷܿľϣҶܹٽҶȥ꣬ѧıڼҽ˱ѣҶڿԵ컹Խҡ 
ĿĸϸΪǲϱĿˮܽ˰һڸصңҶҵҲû˵ʲᣬҴң˸ĵط˵ϵĻһƨ£ҾʵĴϡ 
ȶҲҵˣԱĽˣòã 
̧ͷۣᣬҲоʲˣҶҵĴϸϸҸɹħҪú 
ʵĵͷҶҶΪʲᶮң 
ҶվǰͷůĴ˹ 
Сȶ𣿡 
ҺɵؽԼֽϣΨһģҶ 
Ű֮ᣬҹȻѧϵĵһ־ԸѧУѧֱ֪ͨ죬ҵӵණĺ 
ʮֵĸˣ˵ѧ貣ֺ£ҵУ˰Ҷԫ⼸ˣҲûӴȺҷҿĶԽԽ࣬˵ѡ 
˵һͻȻḧҵϵķ˿СȣסУ뿪Ҷиõ 
ҾȵĿҶĺ𣿠ʲ˵оҶǻˣ뺦Լһ 
ʮ뱯ˣƺҲ 
ڵ㣬ҪҶһԻúܺãҲ뿪Ҷ㻹ûܵ˺ǰ 
һ밬Ҹе֣תܻ˷˵ЩĪĻ 
оĿԣ֮ǰŷҪҶģڴаҶӲת˺صޱ˴㣬ܽΣҶˡ 
СȶΪʲ᲻ 
ҶһɫĲ̣֪ͷһһŨĿȣҶ֪ʮ¿࣬ǼϺüǲҺȡ 
ӹϵĿȱŵŨŨζȲغ£ǰҶЩԾҴδϹЩ춺ԫЦӲԴҡ 
ȻᣬҵоδĿɬ۵һɫĿأǲѽҵθģڸ߳ճǼƵĶŰϻдĺڿȣȻĶҶЦЦ 
¶ǣǲǣ 
㶵Ķڿһȫʶһ 
ƭĸоأ񿧷һ㴼¶ȴҩһѺȡ 
Ҷ֪ʱҵǰǱѾʼĿҲ̺ϣڵĺɫ̺һƲߡ 
Ҷڶϴ 
֪Ҳǰ¶ǵĶҩ𣿵ȵǰǿ̣֪㾿ʲᡭ 
5 
Ҷ˦Ĵ̣ײľĴͷ۵ƺߣǰģģģҶصѹҸ޷ֿ輵ʹδȥϵfֱ˺ŵûס¶壬һƺĴϣӿŨŨѪζ 
ҶҺµĽ֣Ҳ֪ΪԴҡ 
Ҷ䵭ĿңﲻϤ飬ı 
˵ʲˣҲѧᷴ˵ģ𣿡 
ҿֻŵҡҡͷҴδ뿪ҶҲ֪ε֪˵ĻûС 
˵Ҷץסҵ˫̶ֹͷһֻץұҶϥǷֿȣͳϺҵز롣 
۵᷽ʹԽԽУ°Ǳһ޴ȵᴩҶϽѪڲԽͣͷҪһ 
ʶȣſȴ֪ú˭ϣΨһŵҲֻҶ 
׵Ĵ겻ϲҵᣬ͵Ķһ컨忴տ컨ɫҶģŵҪһƬգҿĵ 
ǿ԰֪˶ãڹУҴֻάʮӵʶʹȥ֮ᣬµҵʹҲüߣҶſҴ˯ˣҺµϸ΢ȴҶѡ 
ˣ̫ˡҶϹǣϤֻصϣϻ۵Լǳ񱩹춶Ρ 
ܾģֱżһҶůζϸϸҶҶߵ 
ո˺öѪҰ˺öѪˮһΪˣ԰׵СҺ۰ 
û˵Ҷ粻̣ԭûƭҡ 
֪ǰĹ㣬ҵģֻҲҪ㣬û뿪ҵŵأСȶһΡ 
Ҷ˯Ҷһĵ˯֮ᣬŽҷŻش̡ 
糿ҶҪܼҽҵͣʵԡϴȴԼĿմһƬѪգªĺѪȾ˷ɫ˯£Ҳϴȥ 
˷Ҷһ΢Ц£θŵĳԲǰһʽ㣬ҶҺһţ̣һϤֽţǰѧ֪ͨעᵥ?BR> 
˺ֽƬƮҵǰҶпϴŵЦݣһĽ 
СȶֻܴߣҲȥ 
ҲûϴѧҲ֮ 
ҹҹֿ죬ҵĶүɵõҶʮֵĳ谮ҹ۰ĵصȴԷҶµĻ 
ͣЪɶͣĿľ⡣ 
ѳһֻɵ 
6 
ĩҽԺݼΪҿ֪ҶĻйأҾȥ롣 
ټĺԫҲˣһ̬ڷɳҲȻңΪβڿҵĴҲʡüҾ 
ҪҶҵĿӣˣҶҲûҷ׵һѾͽҷ¶α¶ˬĿУָҶӵҵĴ 
ҪҶȥۼı۾һȫûθڣǰѸɲ˹ƣֻۣʣҸԫ۾һܱȶǱӵĿĺá 
ҶߵĻȣҶԵЩרעƵƵ￴֪ԫʮСȶԫзǳصĽ񱣬ִӰϽֳˣԫı硣 
ЩصľƬƽ޲еˣһֱ㣬˿ں׸Ⱦʺܵһ 
ҶɵĿѩ׵ǽڣûһ㵣ǵֻҪܳŵϷͿˣΣǾͲҵˡ 
ҪҸ㣬ϷüܻẦһȫȻĺӡ 
ҶƲƲ죬˵ҸСȶѾϴ𣿡 
ҡͷҶһܲģû˵֪˿϶뿴ðɵһȤ 
Ҷһᣬĵ֪ˣѾ㡣 

۾ǽˣȴøķû֪ԫ뿪ûԫ֪ʱǰɤɴ䡣 
û뵽㶯죬ϰſˣỹΪû·ð 
ĳҸûſ۾б޵ӣĵȴǾҵزй©ҵĲᡣ 
ԫһֱֱζ°Ļ޵𽥿ҵıϢ¶ȵָ̽ȥһӲȴҲҶºԫһ죬ݺݵشңԫ˵׿㣬ӹǰ洹ίķ˳»Ҷ˵ 
治֪ҶؤϽѾϰźЩ˺õҶŲ㣿 
͵ۣͻȻҵԵĺԫһ˲ͣ٣ḡӵЦݣ޳˹ҪҲ҇ζǷֵ 
ҲԸңһᣬԼֲܿƵػӿ֣һʱҷŵԫƫһߣһӿֵͬʱҲݺݴӣһƬ 
Ϊԫתͷʹһ٣ȴֻֽգվֱ˸ߴӿңǰӴ䣬Ҷʱ˽ҵͷιҳһЩʳθҶĻﲻҿԫƺɱҵĿ⣬Ҷûзֵ˵ͨˣԫһᣬ˵ˣҸ߸ĲŻ£ҼҶȡǷʱů 
ҹҷȣҶչһǵһûзַϣҳ˯һ˿룬ҶǲҲең 
7 
ںزڸǵĴǰһϸĵķ羰һƬ͵Ĳƺϣ֮ҵҲͷ 
밬ᣬᴥҵҵķҲܼˣŨҵ˼ԭ࣬ҶҪҴ˵ķӣҲʵشһҲ̤ԼǷ纫ԫ˵ǸĽٳ壬ֻΪȡ 
ˣҼȲҲûϣԼ֪ģ밬ңҪԼ滮ʲҵʱֻɬЦ˵ʼûɿڣҵֻҪҶҵ 

ڵľͱɵʱ룬ÿȴҶĹһҿ飬ᣬϴ 
Ҷȵݺݲ嵽ڣ߹ǱҶһһҶǿЩԻնüµ˽оһӿҶĻȻδ˳ȴȻǴִƮʵ֮˼۶Ҷ䵭µĴһƬʪƮڿеѪԽԽŨӦȾWĺ졣 
Сȶʲ᣿ 
ҶûͣѪӿ񱩵ؽhײѪĴϰظϵĶҽιȥʼգҶ΢ʶǰˣ֪ƿزס 
˵ڼҲκһ˵Ϊʲ᲻˵ 
Ҷ§ӣңҶѾܾûдңҶĿ־壬ԫͬٺԫֳ̬ȣʮ 
ûСԼɳƵһΪҶļ£һԼ̫û˵ 
ҶЦˣɫķ˿ǰȥץסǣֻǰ˲ʹǶħ 
ֻҪ㻹˵ͳˣ˵Ҳûϵ 
ԭҶЦʹҲԸٸ˵ҶȴԶǸܴĳɾ͸УҸоǰ΢΢ǵЦһʱ֮䣬Ҿ֪ϲñ 

һʱգĲݵ类˪ѩڸǣƮѩҲڴϾۼͷ缸һƬɫռݣǰѩͻȻϽˣĶȻ䣬ȴǳʵģÿÿ죬ֻΪƵڲԴȴ಻ýѵķա 
ҶڴһŨĿϸϸǳܣԴǴΣ㲻ٺκθйصĶڿǻеļȿɬȻ¡ 
լͻȻæµܼҪ˴ͷһڴҺǸĸʽȻܰڵýܼҼ춶һ¸ȤˣһװƷЦҪҽһһϸߴ֦ 
һԵСҰȵϣһС˹Ҷ˵֦΢΢ƺʲϲôð˳Ҿ֣һСȣҴڸһĵطͻȻڿһ£ҶҶ˵ 
ұңΪֹ 
Ҷҹһҵľҧһڣʹǰɺ޼ɵǺһŽɫǹ϶ˣҶ춽ҷµ棬ɵҮҶῪڡ 
ȵʥ죬Ҵȥط 
8 
ʥڵϲӣҲеһ˿ĻϲͷỬһȿˮڴǰǿͷףֵ׺°ྫװƷʲɫУҶûصңȫ¶ףʥ 
ûҶ˵ʥҪҳȥССڴ壬ϽµĲ豭ҽ߲ͣת֪ʱῪĴš 
ӻʻŵرҶ˳ţܼߵΪҶţ ߽ȴֹҶһԫˣҿˣ㲻Ҷǿºԫֻѿ 
ϸϸһȫȻζĿˮѾˣҶ߹żһұұˮմʪĴ 
𣿡 
һشҶұ£ڵ̺ϣһ޺ɫİװֽУ޳ָ⽫װ˺ͷֻƯɫָ붼ʮ־ϸһ֪۸쳣Ҷҵ֣ 
ȶְףɫʺϣԼ𡣡 
ҳɵĿҶȷϵȷЦ԰׵һɫİװһ򶼲ϲ̫ɫոǸɫװ뵽ԼϻѪ 
 
Сĵ˺ϸĵ͸ЩװֻƯҲǣеĿܣȴû飬ҵһ£֪Ұֻаˣ 
Ҷǽýƽ轵¶סҶٿҲһġ 
˭սģ 
Ҷɨӵˣикվ˳Լͬͣ 
ӦûûӹҶ׽Ƣԣɬҡ 
𣬱ӿ㡣 
к¶쾪ŵùܼҴȥȻ֪ԼΪʲͻȻҶʵĲǸкҺǷ 

ҶҲģǰ͵͵Ҫû뵽СؤͦԵİ 
ԫЦһƯĻȣҵпϷݹâҶͻȻ 
ͱˣһſַḧҵľ䣬˵ҲǵԴͰɡ 
ԫҶ棬һ˫һĻضңڵұ˸ҭµ棬һ治ɫؽǰķ¶ǣǾˡ 
ҶҵҴĻ˺øϸҪҳһ㡣 
ԫҶҺǻмӣЦ˫綼 
԰컹ǳԱһ㣬Ҫ϶ڡǣ 
ԫĻûöһ䣬ȴҲ𲻰ԫƽȣ˵ʮַһ㲻ĵңҪǺݺңЦӣԫԽˣʹԼµĴԽҡ 
ʳ֪ζᣬҶҺһȲ裬ҶǰˣҴϺص£ѩҶȴҪҳţǸط϶ǳر 
ھȥǸط 
ԫһҶӿԼжṳ̂Ƕӣ 
ӻͣҶΪҿ˳ţ̤ºѩİ·ϡ 
Сȶûκεطʺ㡣 
ҶҸƽһһ˲䣬ȫѪҺǶһ㡣 
ʥ֣Сȶ 
9 
ǰֻд봿ףѹѹĽֵƮ΢ѩӳһƬţҶͣ·룬ԫҲ³˹ҶִҼϣһ˲䣬ҷҶֱµѩҸӸе䡣 
СȶҶ㿴ʲ᣿ɤ͸һ˿пᣬǺ춳ҵӿʼ΢΢ 
ᆙȴʲôҲ˵ǰǼҼϤİ̵꣬Ѿûص龰ڶȴǼüΣҺͷҶҪҶء 
ҶұĶͷӣڣһʲᶼûеˣʧȥʲᶫҲʹ࣬أӵ㣬ʲоأҺ֪᲻ᷢ衭𣿡 
˫ۿҶµҲû 
񱻿һڣΪҶıѩС 
ҶãѩԽԽˣٲߣ¿  
ԫѾʼͷĴߴҶԭԫ֪飬װ˼ҪߣǲҶ˺ңǡȴûҶУ죬ʹԼ뿪ˣ 
ҶΨһܹ˺ˡ 
Ҷˣڰҹҫܵĺ⣬һѩȥҶ뿪ķҶվҶ·룬ãȻĿǰ̼ңãŴ³ҶΪʲᡭ 
ȡ֮ģҸеһ˿ůҺ 

 
ԫ͸شǰ޳һˮ߽ű΢ζͷľҺ۽ƳͬڴǰƷƵҶ 
죬㻹ĳ̬ˡ 

ڳϣ£ѩȻȴҲ 
ҶΪ֣ͬκ˵ĹĶпСøҵĳ棬ԴҶǿ𣬱עˡ 
ԫʲʱҲȶˣ 
ԫ¶ĵЦһͽƺȾ޺ĴᆙҺˣҪˣǹģҪ㽫һڣҿ϶ð׼һײģǡ 
ҶЦƺԫ˵һЦɫһӿڴóһ΢͵ԣͷʼնûƶȻͣ뿪ǸطСȶڵٴνȥ 
û뵽Ǹ᲻ְߣոҪұ㣬Ͳܶˣ˵ף㲻ԡ 

ûϤѪҺĺ䣬Ҳ˶ãҶԼϴıůҲֵ˴̹ǵıѩ΢˪ѩ۽ޣ㶵ĿϵɫҶĶԴңȴҲҶҵĺݾ 
۾ǬɬᣬϵҲΪѩ죬׾ͻ˯ģ̵ǰʯϣϡٵĴ·Լ·ҪöͭĻвͣ 
ɫܳ 
˚G 
Ǻˣ㿴Ǳû 
ͷСӽСȣ˿˯ˣһһ˴³ȵҪϸָˡ 
滹G϶ܻǮ 
ã˫ˣץסýؽֱӳһ󵽵Ѫۣ΢΢еʹѪӦҲ̰ܿɡ 
ܿ뿪ˣﻹ˵Ǯİ׳ˣֿᡣ 
ѩѩ˻þȻÿʼůӲǣ¶ԼЦݡ 
Ҷ㡭𡭣 
10 
Ѿһ죬Ҷůںصѩϣϵ΢͵͸λãСȶ٣һЦϵ㲻ϵƶǱƵ 
ҵ͹ˡ 
˫峺ĵͷбѵİˣ֪˫ӵ˻δıԼĻҪǿҲˣԼٺõĶԶֻЦԭֻΪҶ͵ǿ峺ĻδʴϷҲܽ 
үСҪ 
Ҷӻ棬û뵽̤Сȶɲһ㣬Ҳˣ϶֪ͨġ 
ڴҡ 
ⲽȥˣֻϧյֿѣڵȫ޾ȵ˶ 
С͵ȥˣ˺ģ֪֪ 
ǰİͻȻиһȵϵӵʲᣬð̬ȶԼ˵ 
һĿڣůѽתû֪ģмֵҪԼңҸϣ֣㲻ϣҶԸȶĻ֪ҵ˼ 
ˮҶҲΪԼеߣʹԼҵСȣֶεҶɿҵܶ˺СȣѵҶĲСȵĳж 
ҶСıˣ죿 
ȻһߣȻǶȥ 
ĿңɳϵƤͷҲصˣΪĻشˣõЦҲҵˡ 
Ҷûлͷ侲˵ 
ˣǸʱ㽫»ں޵ᡣ 
ʱ˵Ǿ仰Ҳûзϡ 
ȵ˵죬ȵͣĳطһĨµЦҵСȶ춻 
Ҫ˾ʾĵص㣬ﲻͣĥʲģȲҪ 
ҵǸֵˣȶĵһŭסʹ˵ĳ嶯Ҫ˰ֻɫľϳ˱һţҲĹڵϡ 
˵ȥˣ 
ûȶ͵ĶתˣѵĹ⼸췴ڹ۲ٵԼЦ 
ļҵģҲ֪ıȥǡ 
˼˲пᣬˣ 
˵Ѳ˶ĺ飬ֻŵˣһ϶ֻԪһʱ̰˾Ͱѱˣ͵˲ֲҵġ 
Ҫȥ˵£˳ɫиһȶڵĵطﾹЩطʼۣӿⲻϰߵǰ˾ 
Ͻȥ 
³ᣬϽָϵľɫܶ࣬ԭյ̼ȫˣʶĵɨȥһĨССӰǽߣһҲ 
˹ȥϴǰҸȶϵ£ķ˿¶СѪɫŨܵĵ޸˱ı˪͸һѹӣȵĴǺ¶ȵĴ꣬оӵµѪҺǾԻԵȶ˵ 
СȶҶˡ 
11 
ҽСȶϣȶҸմϽּʱҸѩգĴУûһ˿¶ȡ 
绰ڼ 
ǵģү 
˾صרע춿춶ү£Ҳ˲٣ԴȥԻᣬүͺЦˣͶ⿴Ҳû˶үڿʲᡣ 
ʥ죬үүҲ֪ȥģȥʱĸ˸߸˵ģȴֻдүҺͺλүҲû˸ʴү˵ȥˣ˵£ҪľǿɫλүƫΪ֪ģȴҲΪոռ˶үڱѩϣǺѪɫС˾ۣ¶үյҲ䣬϶Ǳүˡ 
Ϊȶ̾Ϣ˰ӣ˵Ҳ÷ִ𣿣 
˾æԼŵ˼үûģǶԲסһúÿġ 
ҶĿ⣬תȶϣһƬÿԻˮůСȶſۣҶǰܿİɡʧ 
ʼճǸѩ֮Уٳٲѡ 

ȶңϱϢѱ̵ȡ֮ԭķ䱻ʱĲҶֵԭ򣬵ֻΪ˲ȶ˿ɼҽԺȥ 
ݸҶһҩ࣬ҪСǿȥƤ˺ˣҶµڸͷһ˿ڣҶްΪص˿ڲҩı⣬ǰˣǺ޼ȣǰȣ 
СȶһʹǲǺܺأ 
ӵþƬȥȻͬ˵Ҷݶ֪ 
СȴǸðתΪף⼸Ҫעһ£ֻҪһ֪ͨң⼸סûɣ 
Ҷ侲ȶص㲻֪ȶĶҵ𣿡 
ͷһ˽ϵεĹӣӪҺעý̶סͷᣬŵΪ޹ء 
ҶЦˣΪȶϲɫɴ뿪ŵǿ̣ʵЩԫҲһͺˡ 
뵽ԫ֪ΪΣҲڱСȡ 

ֻʣҶȣδֹҩˮζŨŨĴǼ䣬ȶٳ˯ȵҩȶȺֱ£˯ʮֲȣƽ建ܵʶǣ 
Ҷ 
յ˫ˣǱˮʪĺɫʯɼףҶͻȻȫ˵˹ƺȷǰҶǷΪþ 
Ҷӹ֣ֵͬ 
Сȶˡ 

12 
ҶٰݣҵƫݵһСס£Ҷ˵ɥʧ˵ҶүʸһжүȨҲپңûҽչˣȻҲö£ҺùܼҿԼһЩ۵İæһæµ࣬ƫûǶƯشͷķ羰ɣÿܻøСڴǰϼɣҲȴҶ 
ҶƺҵĴڣԭͲҶļңҲŻһΣǸһ֮ãҿؿĳڽĿ㳵ӹȴ·֮е΢΢ꡣ 
ϤĳٴʰϣϸݵָץȴҶţߴһǿҪҿĵķҶˣ 
ҪƫݵĳȥһһڣһǿԿҶӰڣ߳ƫˣʱҶ߳һʮŮˣҶԼֱۣҶ͵͵Ůһѣͣ˽ŲǵһλɵûӽҶ 

ܼҽͷŵҷڴϣһҲԲ£θͷȫǿɬҺڻζǸŮסˣסԭķ 
ܼҽʰ̣һδĲ̣̾һү㲻ܲԶġ 
ܼҼһǳĬҲûӣ˳ȥ 
ҹӣϹǲӵĺɫҹգʱҶŮڴϽɡ˵ŮڲϾ͹ȻҶҶҲĲݲݽ˵Ŀ£Ů˱ط䣬Ҳṳ̂һ 
Сȶڿأûú۰𣿡 
ҶڷȻҶȻڴϴһĨаЦңҸϽǬᣬ˽˻Ѿõţů˼޷ǡ 
Сȶֻܹҡ 
Ҷ̾һ˿ҲҶͦҸйɫ׵뿪ĻֻŨŨŮ㣬ѵŮ޷ 
ҶҾܾѹң˺ʵزԲɼ¶ӤİۼҶ¿ӣͷûе׿㣬ִķͷʪİǣҶϢеĲϣŮûĽһҲйˣҸһ 
ҶϸݵĴȣһָֻſǬɬĶڣκθοͽШѪ֮У۵ȫ˫ŻҵİڶҶҶռۣմȺѪҶĴҵ壬Ҳֻܲסĸڶۿɬŵˮ 
ҶҴĴϢȫҶŨҵζҶҪ˯ȥңʹҶ𣬡ֻҪȶһ㣬ҾͲŮ˻Ҳ鷳𣿡 
ƣ۵ĺЩɻҶ˵ĻҶϳЦݣĵֻҪȶҵĴҷҾʹݣֻҪò⣬ʱϴһ㶪ȥȶʲ̶أĺ뿴 
Ҷ󿪵Ȼ̵ҳӣɼѪ뾫Һ˴ȣȵһƬҿҶʣԼִԼѪʪΰ꣬ݺݵĳҶĴ׳һһĳҵ棬³ҶҵϰӣҵҵȵĽҶԽǴ˿̣ѽ˵ȫҶ 
ҵСȶĶԼϣһˡ 
13 
ҹҶȫұݣڷŮϵı飬Ҷǰ̧ͷûУֻŮز߸ЬȥҶҷŵϣ׵Ĵ뷿İ輸ϲԭסķ䡣 
СȶҶȥʱҾͰѷĶҲ˳Ҫ˶ˣû뵽һСȶӻҪһˡ 
ҾѹԽԽ۵θԭͲ壵ɫӲ԰ףҶûзҵ״ΪҴ˯£Ϊɵӣʲᶼûҹȼɨĺ˫ȣĦıӣͼȡһЩů 
ȶһݴأҿǻ׼ġ 
ʶɵҶ˵ʲᣬصҵļҶ£춰ĵ˯ȥ 

죬ҶҪʱһfҴϣҪҳЩѾƷҶȥһһľƷΣ˼ʮҸǮִȥзϧϸһԵûУǿ˼ڣϴּȫ˳ֿɬӦθζ 
˲ҶҪҵڴϣ·ϵ˶ҶΪҶر˵ˣкõòбȱ˺õıᣬӮĽĿ⡣ 
ҵ׿ԼҶڴǬϸݵͷеİ̺ۣʲԭҸҶȫͬҶĥĳ谮ҲһԶա 
תߣȥϵǵ̣һС濴һͬˣ֪ΪΣʮֿ϶Ƿǳమİ£Ϊ¶ȱҸı飬Ȼȴı顣 
СȶʲҪ𣿡 
Ҷջ˿Ŀ⣬ͷҶǣӵˣ϶ʧȥûеõҶͣ˽ŲҲͣ£ҶĿͣפڸոǶȥǼҵ棬һѾͽȥ 
һŮСѵĵ̵ϸϸС˵Ҷ˵΢Цվк 
ҪЩʲ𣿡 
ҶһµƷٿЩɻңˮһսҵ֣ϰǶҲǿСż𣿡?BR> 
Ů˶ЦЦƺĽҶõˣεĵͷҶ˵Ҹ㲻ʲˣҲ硣 
Ҳһɡ 
ҶϼϰҪƬʹһңϴȥһƣۣθۣܼƺǷҲʱѹθ˱ţ̸ңĬĬܼҵĺ£滺˵θۡ 
ұҶķΪҵķ仹ûָ֮ǰģҶΪ˷㣬ʱ˯ 
һΪ׼ȶ϶ܿġĿһ 
ҶὫҸϴõķϵļ 
ҰȵʮƽʵϣҵѾʼĲʲ᣿ 
һ˼ǣ鲼滤ӷ˽ͷ϶װˣΪ˲СİҶͷϲп𺮲 
ðųˡ 
14 
滤ִҶ鲼ڽ⿪ͷֱѲˣľһִҶţҶϸɤſڵϵ˵ 
̧ͷȶٸ֪ԼΪʲ 
ҶҲؽתδı 
ˣ˵Ѫܵ˿ڣ񱻵Ӹϴļһ 
λ˺ۣҶƺæĥˣͻȻҶǸµˣȲпѪ 
ȶǲ𣿡 
Ҷḧѽȥİװ̣Ũ̵ܾĽëס˵ݺһΪܸлҰҵֻ󡭡 

ǵͷ̧ 
Ҷ˽ʧȥκľ𣬺ݺץס׵̧ŵòٿˣõƤһѪ 
˿һңϿʼġ 
Сүǡǹ⡭ġ 
ġ 
еһ￪ʼӿѪĥĹ˵ˣҺѪĸζ 
Сȶ׼ͷѪǶĳͷıýŪˡ 
ҶҵӲתǿҪȥϣȫѪҿһԵ鲼ŷȾϺںɫܵɫҪ³θеĶ 
õġֻҿӵе㣬㡭ǧٴΡ 
һڵ˼ͬϢ£ҲܿƱĿ޺һĿҵҴûľΪĳ˯ 
ҶƺΪ˵ĳª볳ֶ˲õŭϵҶһ 
ȥˣҵĵطҲ 
˵屻ںɫĵ̺ϳһĺۼΪͬWĺ죬ҿĲޣ˲ϵķܺϾ˱ŻᱻҶץҲҪñΪҶ 
ҶҪҪɱ 
סҶ֣ȵģҶĺסңе㷢ŭҲеɻҵεҶϣȵ¶Ҷֲһ£Ҷֳ鿪ḶͬȵĴۣǸܷ 
תͷˣңֻܱԸԼûʲ¡ 
ҵͷ˦˸Ĺ飬Ҷָȥϵۣ˵ 
ҡ 
ұ׾ĽҶĴ꣬Ҷ˴ϻ¶ȣһĨЦͷҲ̧˵滤 
⣬ٰ·𡣡 
15 
СȶӦú 
תͷȥЩ滤Ѿ˳⣬ֻʣǸ춳˻Ǳڵϣһ˫Ѫ۾ҶﺦµĿ־ɫʣһĽתԼ˯ͷ⿪ǰ¿ۣһᣬϵ˳ѩɫ£Ҷҳȼ䣬Ҳ˳ӵĽɸ⿪ҵǸִص飬СǲϴʺܸоҼ޷ܡ 
Ҷ˳ָƵ̧ķΣԡѪ˾Ŀ⣬Ҷ¶һĨЦָֻȻĴǴĻ٣ȻһĶδҶ׺ݴ̾ʳѪҶЦǸҵ˵ 
ɱСȶģҪǳòҵۣ˵Ǽ־ͻŹҲһ 
ҶţץϸݵĴȣҺΰ꣬йᴩѪҶľ봹ӿǳԾӣϣҲּ 
ȶ㲻Ϊʲޣ 
ҶѾϳ룬ʹѪ۾ŷһѽǸ˺ⷰҲ֪ȥҶ簵ɫʯīͫңȥϵˮ 
ŮˮģȶҲ𣿿Ҳϲޡ 
ҶĨȥ϶ŵˮ־ԽԽ¼ԵĺۣŵֹסˮӲĿɫҶҶЦ 
Ͷˣ᲻ҪޣȻһۡ 

Ҷϱ㲻ӰܼҽһƬѪԼȻ˯ڴϵȣεҡҡףҪȥ绰үæԡҷźˮҡҪϴ裬ٳʱ佫ãܼ֪ÿ̼£ܻڽ䣬Ը˼ 
ԡûҶǬݵµģѹʧصͷ˸һŨס˫ָ˳뷺ˮȥ 
ҳԾĴ˫֣ɫɢٻ¡ 
һԵ¶ȼƣͷʾ£䵭Ŀҽʦרҵ˿ڷķգԣҶ⼸һ㡣 
Ҵ۽ûشҶԸܹҵģӦҲ㡣 
ͻȻҵãָҵߣеѪֻҲüң¹Ѫǲǣ 
һǾģشƵҵĸϷһѹȻϸ΢ʹܼһҲŵĺܣæֹ 
үСȵθۣͱѹˣһڶûأ϶θˡ 
ЩƫͷҶ˵һ䣬һõҩܼңҸҶڵʱ䣬ҽԺһ¡ 
֪Ĺܼҵͷ֪ˣүɣС΢Ϣһ¡ 
ټֻʣҰҶ첻֪᲻ʹ֪ĥңһϣ 
ϵȶһ˯ȥҶ 
ұܼһѳһõӣҩƣ۵ڹܼΪҷֱͷϣܼøһСľС 
Сȣүͻģ 
Ļǣͷư㳤̵СżҸǶЦ 
һңһҶ 
16 
Բָ⻮ɰ׵ӣǣҶҶҸЦ⻬羵ĴڳСżһЦգƺҲܸȾǷңɼҸ 
ٴϱľϸҸǲǣҲͬ飿 
ҶߵȶᣬȶЦֻǸƽЦݣԼȴע⵽ˣָоʮעȶһⲻƻеһϰ޷յС 
ϸıӰڴǰСżҶԼȶϲĳɾ͸Σȶ￴һֲʧȥִΪȶµֻΪԼͶϧֻżȶ˵ĳֲ塣 
Ҷ 
ʹӲԼӰϸĺڷзںڹҿȶֽץżһ֣ߵĻ˻ȥҴſԲµóȶ˵ʲᣬҲûᣬһߣѾ̫˼ 
ҵԼһСżϣҶû˵껰뿪ˣǲҸֻһΣ 
ҶûһϲҡҰĵ 

ҶֺһʱûصⶰˣϴˣңĬĬһһڵ嵭һĶʲҲԲ£ܼҿҶʱ䲻ڼңҪȥҽԺȥȫ飬Ҿܾ˹ܼҵĺ⣬ҶҳŵʱһĻᡣ 
Ҷ´ٻһٶʻĵ£ֻҪܶڼһ죬ҪʲҶԸ 

̶ҷĴ룬ܵǰҶȻⲻҶĳǓ˵ĳġ 
ܼҼҿģҲԼȥţֱߵĹ 
Ҵ򿪴ţͷûҶװҿһԵĺɫܳһ޵ˣĳһľЦݡ 
þòϽ 
תܻڣԫЦη壬֪ԫΪҶ 
ڴ̾Űǰԫ˸סˣҷ󺰹ܼңʱ˭ˣܾҲãǬƵɤܿͻܼҵע⡣ 
ŵӰϳͷæүץСʲأүܿͻˡ 
ҲϵﺰҶ޲Ҷǰ 
֪ҶһӺԫнҾȻء 
ԫһҺҶ֣ϵӺˣץסҵļ 
´ 
ٽУʲ᷽ԡ 
ܼҾŵҪֹȴԫ˸ļ٣ 
ԫҲҶѣԼһһҪᷴԫ 
ץȵóһҩĲȿڱǴһѹȱ˹ȥҲ޷ССͷ­Ĵ¡ 
ԫչЦ̣ɫĳţҶҪˣб¾ɣˣֻʣһʬˣǡ 

Ժ컨ϲϤ԰ɫϵΪҳصĲȥͷĹߣҲֲǰ컹ҹ 
ˣ 
ͻȻԫеıɤŵϵȥԫס 
ϸϸֱۣغɫĴ̣ɫӶ񶾵Ķҡ 
ҿɱҶץˡ 
17 
ҶܼĺɫλƬǺԫҪģʲĻ棬ȶԫĥɡ 
ԫֶ൱пģ֪ȶܹܲܵס˭Ҫ׾ͱԫס 
ܼһԼҶǺүĶһҲûӵĽǣү㲻СȻںүѣû˵Ҳ˵һͰСߵġ 
ҶŻĶҪǹܼҵߴ٣ǿ龧Ƭֻ֪Ҫ龧ƬݣǷȥȶѾΪԫĵˡ 
ƬλӰһԻǬĹܼŵ´ 
ҰѺͽ 
ܼæȥޣ˳׼һЩҶƷɫөĻ˻ζӰҶµĴɱһڸִпɬȺ裬ԫ޵ӳөĻϣںɫ󴲵ıԵĽǶȣͷƺиССͻҶ֪ȶ 
ȳȥɣһڷ 
ܼ֪ҶԼӰݣ˳⣬Ҷ䵭ıӰ̲ס˵һ䡣 
үڼʱ䣬Сһֱڵ 
ܼҾ˳ȥֻʣŨŨĺڲӳӰƬ 

ҶԫǰԳԵЦӰͷҶ˵㲻ϸңֻԼȥˣ㲻СؤȴֲøңⲻǺìҶ 
ԫϵƷһ죬ȻΪͷװ׷ǰɣֲҵˡ 
ľԫߵĽ䣬һ⣬ص 
ԫվߵͷλãϸɫıӣŨܵĵѴµȸڲ԰׵Сϣϸü˯лǲ 
أ˴ҩϹԹԵ˯һֱҪ㣬ѵҶĶãǲ˭ʥҹĵضڱѩصİ·ء 
ԫͣ޺ȶ˯գᣬأҶӦò۰ɣ 
ӰеĹʮֻ谵ȶֻƸţҶ֪СȶϿ϶Ǭݵۼ̵ᣬҶӷŻһԵСϣѿʼãӢĽü 
ϲȶޣֻȶҪ 

өĻĺԫ˶תĹĻҰȶǵĺɫ԰׵ִָһߵıǡ 
ҴûҲ׵ļأѩһ 
ɫıúԫһĴڸסөĻߣжݵĺڰɫ£Ҷȶһ׵ںԫ£ԫҧȶ۵ľ࣬ԫƺӰȶҧĲѪúԫ˳ָȥĨȶѪɫĴϡ 
ĺɫʺ˵ǲǣҶԭ㲻øңԭ򰢡 
ԫȶĴȺķֿ¶ɫľ٣̽Ĵ̽볤ʳָ漴˳ 
Ҷս˫ȭԫڴһִԲٺٵЦǳ񶾵Ц⣬Ҳͦ鷳ģŪһɡ 
ȶ˽ޣҩԶ޷ֿʶָԫͷסʼղϿѨ޳ƾҪһʩ 
ҶңөĻϣĺٴſѻָԭƽ 
ԫȻսҾͱ˸ⳡսضҡ 
18 
ˮĺֺԫסԼ˽ܴһ¶ȵԲ壬ŵֱ˫ۣ뽫ԫԼϣŬ̧˫ۣȴֻںԫ£ûƿöĺԫ 
ֶƿ𣿡 
ϸ΢ʹҺµ´ȴ˿˿ζе 
ѪζҴθӿһڡ 
ҶڿأҪúñ֡ 
Ҷ֣ʶͷתҰķſڣԫסҵ°ͣݺݵĽҵޱȵӡ 
ءΪһҶ򵥵ͽ𣿡 
ԫͷƫ򴲵һԣаһЦ㿴ûУӰܽȫĽȥأǶȣһĵҵĿģǡ 
һξŵĿԫҶȫȻͬƽ䵭Ļע޵ѪȸԾҪȺԼ 
ΪʲˣԸҶΪҲҪߡĲ 
ԫͻȻŤȻĹµҳ˺ҵĹᴩ۵ᣬԫҶҿ޺ʱǷסҵ죬һİ 
ԫǼȫԲݺݵĳ˳ٴαųĹѪҺϢҿմԼѪľzyzz 
£ԫһҲͬմȺ졣 
ԫȶ˽ſѪѨں޵ֿκԫ룬ڱֱһΪ̵ᴩߴԫ΢̾ԫ˫ϵѲ֧ĲᣬһٵĴײ 
ԫմѪȶϾĨȥWɫúԫֵȶ£ȡ˸ʺ죬ٶĨϸȶ۾ĳԫ֪ȶǸˡ 
Ϊʲ᲻޳㲻޴һ㣬ҶҪǺĲ㣬죿Ҫһӵม 
ʪĺԫЦЦľòΪʲͬǲˣԫȴ뽫סһӣʹǰҲûйϵҶ 
һ˲䣬ԫҶ˫֣ķɫ˫ۡ 
Ҷ㡭Ҳûϵء 
ԫԾĿȶ˫֣˼ůȴһҶִǿɺ޵Ĳ԰״³ 
ȵ˫֣ԫٴκݺݵռ 

ҵĺɫȶѪУʪĵ޲ϲԫһԵıȶϣޱ߳⡣ 
ү˾Ǳ˺üͨ绰˵ûȥᣬҪǷ¡ 
ԫŸֹϣڸһҵĺڰѪȡ 
ûҵκ˶׼̤¥һҪҷ˭ 
涨͵ͷ 
ӶӦȥ˭ոշﴫǾˣͷ˿϶үĥĲң֪Ǹǵүˡ 

ԫصԼԷ¸ոմ¿㣬ԡҳϴŨҵĽϢȶմȾϵѪʹȶԣȶҶϸСɤȵˮϴϻԫ۾ˮʪںڵĳ 
ȼġ 
19 
ص۽ǵǬһɣǲ׾Ǭ̧ǼǬɬۿȴǣԫĿµˡ 
ûԫ˪ˣһȴҶ粻Ҫˡ 
ֱ۸ϲѪľ࣬ΪԼͻᱻԫǬѪȻȥ 
ЩӲͦҪϵЩѿ˺۴ҲΧĿƮһζƺԫС 
Ϣζ񱻺ԫڻֱĽҺ£뵽ҶӦ֪ұԫˣΪʲᡭ 

ڿɳΣɫľ칫ɢҪߵ󻮰һԵĵʾ˾ڹеû뵽ͷĹ˾ɾͿˡ 
ָɫıԫ¶һĨЦϧûۿϵ˾̱ӣȻûеʹ졭 
죬ĵ죬ҲչӪĹ˾һרʤӡ 
ԫ뵽˾˯ڱȶսװ׵ĿڴǸܹ΢Լɾ֮ĿС 

ص˵ǰԼµ£Ҫ˽ڴıóߵ¥ǰ 
ȥ𣿡 
Ӷȫҡͷԫ϶¥׼ˮʳſڣ׼ڶ¥Ƭ̡ 
ԫ򿪷ţڣͷĹⱻظסֻʣһƬſڵĹߣԫûںɫϿȶѩӡ 
ԫϸµü䣬˷ƣȶڷһǾɫı˯¶ԲļͷϺӡ 
̤ĽŲȥԫ֪Լû³ˣԼӹ˾뿪Ϊ˻ĥģΪʲԼֽĶ 
˼֮ʣѾȶǰ 
׵ƽȶ˯գԫķԼ뿴ȶģ˯һܹȫȶĸоԫȶ۵оһʹۣڱ˵˯ 
ȶǺ峺ˣŴĸױĻңǽྻϾʼ־մȾҽȶϸӱشϣȶʼյͷٶҵۣûбڸǣ¶ҹĿ鼣 
ҶʱҲû³ҶҾͲ𣿡 
ҽȶ°Ͱϵճ壬ȶڵ봹ϸϸССڷԲҡ 
ȶð˸Ѫֲǲϵ޺죬ΪʲѪů 
һóֻͨĺ룬ڹһˡ 

ҶһԴżȵıľȶʮϧľǣϵ΢׷ϵ㻹ǲϵһٸı٣Ҷ֪ԫܴȶƶȶҲӦҪҽԫԸҵҲֻǸˡ 
ܼһԺҶϲĶŨ㡣 
ɡ 

20 
һԵëȶϵѪϴԫĺɫڲٺ۵ĳ壬ȶƲĴ봹ɺԫŪ 
׵ûڣ˳޳ֱףȶ־Ĳ 
ܻ㣿һﲻˡ 
ԫָҵķζִұǼ䡣 
ԫ§ڻ˺˵˽벼ٺ۵βںԫܿ˫֮䣬ǽڷ°ڣڴڲۼ涣Ҳ£˫ȣ־°ͣԫ֣ܿҵĶϵ 
Ȼ㣬֪Ҷ硣 
Ҳ㣬û˱ѪˣʹҪǰˣҲ̧һ¡ 
ûлӦԫĻԫҲ֪Ҳ⣬ҶͷһǣȥҶˣԶɡҲ㣬ҪԹԵġ 

߽Ѿúԫµı˹ɲһ˿ŵҵѴոյ 
ԫڴߣȵĻҵĲηƫͷһϰߺԫͻϢռ 
ո˺ܶѪʲ𣿡 
ۣԫ˵ȶ״ԫͻȻͣ²˵ˣҰĵᱳ𣿡 
θѪ⼸ҪϵҩҲҪ׼ʱ¡ 
ѾʼʰڴϵҽƷԫĵոյ㻹ûشҡ 
˺ԫһۣոʲ𣿡 
ΪҶ𣿡 
ﾲģƺҲڵȴĻش 
Щҵ¡ 
ԫһĨʤЦݣϣ˵ĶģƭңͬԸ㣬Ӧ˽ҵġ 
Ȼƽ޲ȴϣֻʱĳĬ 

ԫ뿪˷䣬ֻʣҸŸԿֻϣܴϣֻһҲá 
Ƭ䵭˫ƳңֵͷʰʣµĶƽȵɤ 
ûҽԺ飬ǵýкȥһˡ 
ȻĿѵҶȫûнҴߵͷһֿʼ̮ҧ԰׵´еĺҲ˵ 
ΪҶ𣿺еĺãӵûҶߣ͵㣬ɱ㣬Ҳþȡ 
ԫпɱңȻ£ֻ֪Ϊͷ˵˵ 
ںԫץⷿĵһ죬ͳӽĸо 
˵һ˫ֿů۾εҶ뺫ԫ׷ĸ׺Ҳһ 
ֲԤУ 
ᱻɱˡ 
21 
ҼǵйһλͨƸеˣƶģʱҲǺܶ仰˼˰ǣҵ֣ʮġ 
СȣߵˣӴ㽫ᷢ֡εԼᡣ 

ԫָĨЩҩҳϣѽתΪϵٺۼͻеʹҽֻü䣬ԫ۽ǰ˫ˮĻһɵˡ 
ʲ᣿ 
ԫͻȻ̧ͷҺµ˫ңûɵҷɿصͷԺԫһֱ޶ĸо 
ΪʲһںܽĵطȴǾúңԶ 
ԫҲ˵ùһԱµĳΪϣԫûҶһΪƷʮֻּܹĶ 
ԫϲżһڻʹҼĿ־壬ǻ΢΢ 
ÿһԫܻһ˿ݣ֪϶ǳһ㱯ˡ 
Ϊʲÿα㣬㶼Ầ£һﰲȵ˯𣿡 
춺ԫ˵ģһӡҲûУԫԻķӦֱ۽ҵսһЩ 
㱻ײʱҶҪֻȥûʱֳģұ붪㲻ܣҶһۣҪҽ㱧ϳҲǿϳ㻹Ұһװװˡ 
ԫұ˵Ѿܾû޼ͷѾ˼硣 
ԭһʼůӵˣҶ 
ǡΪʲҡ 
ԫͻȻû˵õΪشĿˡ 
Ϊڻȥ֮ǰҵ۾ҵ񶼺һңǸЦģҿ˾ᡣ 
һ˲䣬ҾúԫűҶһʲᣬǿƲп޵ı£һűһ˸ġ 
˵ĻԫɱԼĸףʲԭɱԼףһѶĹ¡ 
˵һҪѧģʵ̫ࡣ 

ʱ䣬ҼѾûҶߣҵʱҲ۰Ͱ͵Ƿ˽СȶϤӵƺԫÿÿҹҵִַʧ 
ҲһҪʱأҶſڣҲͬ㡣 
ԫ촽ҧһڣɨҵۣ㣬ǵҪҡ 
ƣ۵ڴϣľѾ޷´ߣһĶѣҲҵʳ١ 
ͷ컨壬΢Ĺâ춻͸صĲյҲ԰׵һжʻج 
Сȶ 
춣Ǹ 
22 
ҶԫΪҸϵıӣ¶ֻİӣұ۾ԸҶֻҸоԼӵİ벻 
ҶƮƮĸо̤ƶˡ 
Сȶúݣ˵㣬ȶ̫ˣŻԲ· 
Ҷϵﳶϵ״ϣ§ڻҶĿŨŨĲãҶ˵˰ɣȫǺζˡ 
ȶӦûú۰ɣϸܳܺĺأ 
Ҷڶ˵ƺԭҪҪңԫӰһ 
룬ʲľꣿ 
صҶߣֻٴεݣʲıҲûС 
þδ᲻֪Ϊۿ 
ҶҲ˵ˣֻǾĴ뿪ԫнҵס 
ҡҡλ֮䣬ҵʶ޷ѡ 
һֱһ¡ 
ͬˣΪʲܹӵůӵǷȶǴӺζ 
صҵںԫ߲ûʲ̫Ĳͬǳڴϣ´߶ҶҲÿ춼ҳһһڵιյĵ࣬Ҳǵ֭סҶǰķִΪʲ᣿ 
̧ƣĺҶ峺ۣͬɻԼҲг֡ 
ԫЦǰ˵ĻȴȺԫЦݻҪҵС 
ɱ㣬Ҳþȡ 
Ҵ˺ҺȻԼһ˲侹Ȼӽ 

ȶ˯ˣ˵Ҳû԰׵СڸǲסƣۣΪϣϸһһεʧ 
Դӽȶӻأҵķĳʹǿȶģ 
˵ҲԲ¶һι߲ܱߵκεطȥ 
ǣȶ¶ϣȻپĿ⣬ȴ֪Ǻá 
Ҳ֪ʲᡣֻ֪еһѾԼһֿƿء 
ͬҸȶԼ 

ϷѾ޷ٽȥȶҲи鴦 
ȶ촽ͷһΣҶԴȶһ䱦ǻС 
֪һԶǵ㡣 
֮ᣬҶѲڣůսյķ䣬΢΢ůʱҳ壬ߵشǰһƬѩѾڻȡĲݵأָϱĲƺʲ»̵Һ壬ֱصºɫĵ̺ 
ΪʲޣԼ 
ֻҹҶ 
ڱ롣 
23 
ؼݵԼ 
ֽԼϸȷᣬҪ˽ļͳ칫˾ 
ļֽŻֽڿİ칫ϣΪȶ׼ 
ٻȥȶԷÿιȶԼҪ׼Ĳ͵㣬ܻãֻԼȶŬ 
ȶԾĿ⿴ǼܻǣԼҲû 
ȻԴȶ˵ҵһ˿ԼĴڣһȶ 
Ĵڡ 

ԸټҶѡȶ˯ʱ򣬽ȥȴսݵգȻ֪ΪʲҲȶޡ 
ÿҹȶ˯϶ۣǲޣǲƼ 
ҶָḧȶƤһִûе 
Լûж˭еι 
ÿҹ㶼˯𣿡 

ȶ㲻Ϊʲޣ 
ŮˮģȶҲ𣿿Ҳϲޡ 
Ͷˣ᲻ҪޣȻһۡ 
Ҷȶᣬ֮УԭĲϲޣԭĻۡ 
ǣһѾ̫١ 

ҶҪ˽شĴɴõݽҲ˻ļڣżѹӢӯƮǰҶߣ⡣ 
ҵڣ˺ܾãҶһ仰ҲûС 
Ҷ㡭ǲһϲң 
ĬƺѾʼϰ߽Ҷ֮䡣 
û˵ˣעң 
άûЦգ͵Ҷ 
ȶΪ׼һӣеһУġ 
Ҷܿҵ۾ټ˵״ÿͻȥһΣżҲ 
ҿҶ۾оܵǬɬȴͬЦҶӳһĵңټ㡣 
ҶȥĽŲҶʮֵٶԽ⿴ѹӢͻȻЩϸѩ 
ֻҪҶʹްҲܸе㣬ȴҶҪ飬ʼգ׷ģδڡ 

վ⣬Ҷȶ˵ĻۼؽеţƤֽյᣬҶ𣿡 
ҶûӦһĺǳ鱨滹û𣿡 
Ҫٸ졣 
ֱӼĵ˾ɣҲ鷳ȥݵӶ˵ 
Ҳչȶ 
סҪ뿪Ҷȶ˵Ҫ𣿡 
ҶһĨεЦݣѾɣ 
24 
Ҷ뿪ᣬûþͽҲ˵ЩʲᣬֻƫͷľɫͷѹӢѾԶȥвֻ˴Ե 
ҶȻȥ˾ˡ 
Ҷ֣Ҳ֪ʲᷴӦǺģϾҸո 
ѾһӣҲֵƱˣǲǣ 

СȣθƬ˰ϸжϣѾӽĩ 
ڡ 
תͷȥҵϣҵͷӡȵ֣ûٿȥ 
Ϊûƭҵɡ 
û뵽ҴڴϣԽһƬհףʲҲû롣 
һûҶ˵ȨѡǷҶ֪顣 
ĬĬҶѾն֮ǣʵڣûסҡ 
ҾĬΪǵ֪ܴոҶӣƬΪұҶ˵չ㡣ùһ㡣 
ҵһֱӽ֣ЩĿҡ 
´ε¼ҵʱ򣬼ǵø˵Һþûˡ 
ҰѱŽԭţƤֽһ˵һѰҲþûˡ 
ӵĿңҲûķӦû˽⣬ҶңʲĴڡ 
Ҷ㲻𣿡ǰˣлץסȴ֡ 
һĨϢұWЦգ񼴽ȴĻ 
ҵİֻʣһ㡣 
ҶҪģѾ 

Ҳˣֻʣһˣһϸı飬ͷİֽ֣θĩڣǼȥĶ 
Ҳ֪θģҲ֪᲻ܣÿ˶Ӧû 
ƺҲһ㡣 

뿪ҵǰرһҲûУҶʱΣֵĳ£ҶĽϣΪĿͣΪҶĴż 
˿Ϊżʹֻб壬Цݡ 
ԼΪżҶ᲻Сؽھľ 
ӵԼ׵żŽ΢ľϸָϸϸǿҶݡ 
һָԼĿڣѾۡ 
ʣİҪԼҶ 
ҹҶһΡ 
Ҫٵģú㡣 
ҶƻĶЦȴѾǵǺʱ 
֪ 
ҵΣѾ 
25 
Сȶ 
ůĴḧ˯ӣһѡ 
ܼ׼ͣȥԡ 
ҶҽԡңšǬëΪҲһ΢ȵë˯÷˫ְͷİ࣬ҺþûһڲϳԷˣҪܼ׼ʽͣϲľͶһ㡣 
ҶͷиͷմһЩˮͷϽŪƽЦͷ˯߰ģ˯һֱǺܺء 
ҲҶЦĿ֣һֱǡ 
Ҷ¥վסӣҶֻǣҵ֣ʵ𣿡 
ҿվһ׵ҶĿӸѩҹصԥǷ񿪿ڣҶĵĵȴҵ⡣ 
ҹѩأҶڻϽֵҶҲ˵ᡣ 
ὫͻϽ𣿡 
ٴεƭҲνˣﲢûк£ҾĿҶ 
Ҷſҵ֣һѱĻ 
еۣ 
ˣȶ 
ҶҶ˵ҲûмҶᣬҶڿ 

ҶߣҶһƬϺ͵ҡҡͷʳҳˣ˳Ҳ³ 
Ҷ±ҾܾһԵƤڶٶҡͷĬĬһ߱˺Եĵ࣬һһڵĺ 
Ҷҳ˶񵭵ЦҺһ룬Ҫᱥġ 
תͷҶװЦĺɫͫףҶͣߵЦݣҰѰŵɫԲϣ 
ҡʲʱߣ 
ҶסңҸ΢΢壬ȵ£ҺȻЩ⡣ 
緹Ҷ¥ɻתͷҶ 
ʲᶫôѾµճƷӶҲѡģ㲻õġ 
վϽݣҶڣ¥ȥκҪĶʲᶼԣȶ 
˽Ҷ˼ΪֲңĬĬת¥ûҶį顣 
˷䣬ߵԵĹӣóҵֽΨһӦôߵĶ۴ͷϰڷżľӣȻֹסٿһ۵ͷһҪϵĻ 
׵Ӹ¶˰׵󡭣ԼҶʱҪҴɫֽ˻ĬĬĽϵı 
ԭҵĶࡣ 
26 
ȶ¥ݣǰվϸϸ˵ҶҪ𣿡 
һϿףݵ壬ıڵĴһˮҡ 
żأ㲻𣿡 
Ҳȶжϲǡ 
Ҷ𣿡 
һᣬȶҵһЦȥ 
һƬհף֪ȶǣĿܣҴҲԤϣҲû 
Ϊȶ׼¼ңҪСʱִܵ̣۾͵˸Աߵĸһۣȶ۾˯ 
ֽעתǰȶĵطǰ 
ɫݣΧɫ˹ƺǰվһʮĸˣԼûСѧСӡ 
˸չȶо󲿷Ϊ߻СݵȶеȤ˵ܸ֡ 
ǺӶڸ˵ᣬؿȶ 
ȶĿǸк븾˽ǣ˫֣Ҷȶ񾲵ĺһЩߣһּȿĹâŵĿ 
λүݰɡ 
º͵ĸǰסȶ֣ȶк˫ֳּ֣òЦĵ 
ү㲻һ𣿡 
ȶعͷղӯЦĺ֣˶ʱѾˡ 
СȶϿȥ̫ܴ󡣡 
ȶңҪĿ뿪 
תӽᣬǵУûб˴ˡ 
ҵԺͻȻһ档 
˴ϱһ볾ʹССڲסĹ࣬Ū۲ȥϾ׵ĳ 
ȵұﾲ˯ 
Ҷ 
ȶ˹סҵ֣һ壬һȶz y b g 
ģ롭㡣 
ȶϸ󣬽´ϣ󣬡١Ҹһ䣬𣿡 
￪ʼ˶飬ȴ𺳣ԭȶʼջҸʹû˵ᣬұ˽⡣ 
ȶϵҡͷ볶ϵı̫ߣˮڽıϣȴҲⲻ 
 
ȶ֣ǰҺȶΧĳǳص׹ 
ҵĴоȶʹ࣬һסļȻᣬ 
ǰ䡣 
27 
סݵĵڶˣҲһ˸߲ҵصȥȥ͹Ĳȣߣû߰״֪ˣȥҶۡ 
ҿڳæµıӰΨһ϶Լõˣϣģͷȥ 
лл㡣 
ƽʹһ̱Ҳ¡ 
ֻҪΪˣһҲǱһЩ 

Сȣڿʲ᣿ 
ջӴĿ⣬ֻΪƬ͵ĲƤ̫ľɫȻû߼ʡ 
סҰϵ˫֣Ưϸµ˵ǣСȣҶˡòײſϷߣ߲ȥҶԶҸ谭 
ûСҶ 
ҿɬһЦߺڵķһǰϧ˭֪ǲϱǷ̫ء֪Ҫʱ䣬ȥҶһ߹μ尾ΪֻԼһ 
ϳΣϸָҲڲ 
ҺܱǸҶ˺㣬һֱ㡭 
ҿûбҪҵǸҵģִҪҶʹˣһҲûмңˣΪҶյġ 
һܿҶٵˣҺܺá 
ֻǣѾûʱҶҵš 

ûкܶʱңݵλЩƫƧǿؾҪʱ䣬ֻͨС׫ⶰԶ볾ĥʱա 
ǸӶˣԼӶչ˵úܺãС׫ʱһ͵䵱ҷ鿴ʱҼװûС׫Ǵĺϴ󣬺뿴ҿʲ顣 
ҪҪһ𿴣 
תͷС׫ǷʷССأպñץһСǺԵ޴룬һ˫Բ˫תתģ֪ÿģС׫׫Ҫȥɨصأԣ̻ 
ҷ飬С׫Ӳ˵ģҪٶһ⣬ҴҲʹС׫ŵȫСӴ¸ߣҺǺǵЦ¶ٵЦݣ⺢ӣʹҲǸǿ¸ҵˡ 
ɨصأǬڲһ˿飬ĵġС׫Ըһ𣿡 
С׫Ƴ˰죬˷ڲסȸҪ˵׫׫͵ 
ұС׫ǰδе㣬ҿձU޵飬ʱһػһΡ 
ҶңĻ䡣 

ԫƬںɫİ칫ϣ޵òһҰ׵˫ֲϵתϵĸֱʣԭ㵽ȥˣȡ 
ƬϵϸкӵɰĺӣһƬ׷ɵĻУĵЦ 

Щ΢ȵ磬ҿش⣬յҫĲƤͷӺԱߵĻݣʵҳҲûʲģ롣 
С׫һֻߴϰѣԱߵĵŪʪʪģϸһС׫Ȼڵˣ˵ӡ 
׫̽нȵġ 
׫ϰѣ˵һһ̫ʷʵСȥˡ 
ҽ鶵ڶϣһ½ڵݣ÷֡ԶеõֻýʲҲץס 
ϸϸ⼸䣬֪ΪΣͻȻԫִ񣬻Ҳһʲᶼòˡ 
׫ȥáͷæµӰҲӰûûϢģȥˡ 
סƫԶĵشȻƽȲܸţһдĶˣЩ棬ҲͦΣյġ 
ϵ飬ߵȣѽʧȥȶȣЩﴫСϸϸ΢΢һȻû׫ޣĺҲֻ׫һˡ 
ӿ˽ŲȥҾ죬ǧ򵻣ѾϣҲң׫ 
ͣ˽Ų˫žʼǳɫɳһרҹˡ 
ԫ 

þòȡ 
ԫǶ񶾵ЦʶѰ׫ǧ¡ 
С𣿡 
ԫһŽ׫ɳһ˳ССϴŵˮЦС챻ɫĽֻܷµı 
ءˣ 
ԫǾҺȤضңɫһ㿴Ц˵ϵǸڲֿ⻹ʲСģҲû 
Ƿֿþˣһʱ˵£Ҫһµӣ 
ҿСС׫ʮȻطᷢʲ£Σ׫ᱯҿɺ޵ģͷȰѺӴطҪᱨңҶν 
ԫ׫һţ׫ҵģסƲˮĺңǽҲҪΪǡ 
ҾǿС￴ 
ԫվ޳Ӱǹ 
ݿĸһӣӳܲסᵹֱԫ˻޵գǿɲĻҾǰ 
Ҫġ 
ԫҲ˫ҺʴȰɡٻһ档 
29 
ëǹᣬԫ˷һĽѹڵأȻԫûҶøߴ󣬲Ҷܻұѹôеִ磬ԫûŰ֮ǰҿܾͱѹˡ 
㻹ʲ᣿ѵҶ㣿ЦĹںԫǣϧ֪ңѺΪҶʲᷴӦ 
ҲҪ߶ѡ 
ߣǾ⣬ҶȻΪ˱㣬ⶰӣҶ˵Ѿ㶪Ͻ֣һڰĽֵüաԫϸݺݳ𣬡Լж¼ϻҶֱֻһǶǲѣƾʲҶԼ棬 
ҿֻŵҡͷһ㶼¼ҶӲҪҴϵģҡ 
١Ҹһ䣬 
ҶСԺ֮ȥΪʲᵽɻҶҸˣİҪԼ 
ûСҶ 
ԫҽҶָ֣Ҳ֪ǰǱ俴ҵĺԫ⸶ӣʲһˡ 
ҶҪҵıϳֱ񱻹һǸѩҹҪʹߴڵϣ 
Ѿ޸ˡ 
㿴ʲ᣿ 
԰׵ָһССںڵԲ壬ɻĿԫ⡣ 
С׷֪֪ҶΪʲ׵ҵ㣬Ϊر㣬ʲƨԵ֣ԿһǱҴܣȤˣٰץ 
ĬĬĴ˫ۣԫ˵ģЩҶѾ֪ʹȻΪҶ󲿷ֵİеļˣȴҵĴҲҵĳͷѡʵ 
ΪʲҶỹˣԲԣ˵ˣ԰ɣ 
֪һԶǵ㡣 
ңټ㡣 
κҪĶʲᶼԣȶ 
żأ㲻 

ҶǲϣҲһߡǲǣ 
Ҵģȴҵǡ 
 
ԫң춿ϰ 

ĳЦݣԫƺҲûϵһչЦգһᣬĻȾһĺ⣬תͷס׫ĶѾĺ˵ 
С׫۾ϣȸû¡ 
ԫϵ˺飬׾ϸ屻˿ٳܵҲֻԫ˿Ƶڶһ˲䣬ʹϵʹѲݺӣҵģȴжݵƽ 
30 
޵ϸ֮䣬뼰ıŰ׫Բ峺ĺʹߣɿüĿʹ಻ıѹ£׫ֽţϵĽԼ޷ 
һ˽Լһ֮ʵ⣬ֻ͵⣬ǸϴһɻӴĿ־оѹ 
һСĺӣܹȸ硣 
úȻǸ˶ȥ 
޵Ѫڴɰ׵ĵذϣ︲ǵڱĵϣԸоѪȵ壬ԫ̧°ѿķɫȫŨŨ侺档 
벻֪Ϊʲ᣿ 
˽˺ѵʹҲҶ֣ԫʹı飬ֽҵӴӵϣűſ̶ִ࣬ШĹѪעѨڲرſиѪӿ˳۵ߺӺԫ̧ʹ΢ڴѱ΢ȡ͸Ŀת׫ķС׫ٿޣĴɳԣҶ׾ٵĿµĲ 
ԫ˳ҵĿ⣬䵽׫ϣǸŮһͷǱЦϣҶ㣬С 
һæĲٿ׫µСΪ֪ԫû£ԫЦԽԽ 
ģҲɱǸûõĺӽһӼǵ棬Զ̵鵽ԼǶܡ 
ԫȻӽħˡ 

ͻҶ𣬺ԫ˳ҹıߣ϶һµֺУԫֱһģϧᡣ 
һ˯ˣҶжᣬü䣬Ҳ֪ˣƵò֪ﳣֵĸо𣿡 
ԫʧѪԵЩģȵţ֪ĺһңΨһƲסľְɡʹӻҶߣ˽⣬һؼҴ򿪷ŵ˲䣬жɱ㡣㱳ңȴΪҪɱеѹ 
ԫϵֺ䵽ϣйʣ󱻺ԫʹţСѪԫҵַŵͣ§ڻִڵ޷ֻĲеĴ¡ 
С׫ֿʼˣȴ۵ԽԽԶ 
ڵذϵֺȻĳһһôŵ 

31 
Ҫļڰ칫ϣȶļ鱨棬ҶѾĴڣͬ˵ģֻθѪ֢״ûʲ쳣 
ΪʲԼȡÿܵл飬ѡһݺҪı淢㶣 
ԭһ˹ָоҶһԵĳ룬΢׷һָⴥǱִҴ˻ٵԿջؿڴ̾һ 
ðѱȶġ 
ɬۣҶ׼רע 
ҶٵԼƣɫʲ£ 
飬ȻûȴҶ侲ж 
ͷӦǰݷá 
Ҷͷ״ƽַӦĵļ˾ңӦòҪͨңֱͿˡ 
֪״ƺЩƽҶˡ 
˳⣬Ҷ̧ͷƻ˵ԫƽǱʾ״ȷ⡣ 

Ҷ㻹и顣 
ԫаȵӰſڽҶû©ԫɫѪգԼŨŨѪζ 
⸱ӣ 
Ҷ侲ɫЩĺԫŬȥ뺫ϵѪпǱСݵȶ 
ҶһΡ 
ԫɫװ۲԰׵Ĵֲ޺ѪҶ֪ѪԲẫԫģԸ˺ˣҲԸ˼Լ֣һпѪˡ 
㵽װȣ 
һʾ䣬ȴǧأصҶѡػصķʽҶԫ˵ 
ѾЭ飬֮䲻˭ȥȶӴҲͻԭĵطһѾǲҪ˷ǵһҪϡ 
ԫҶ˵ʣȻƭҪͲκˣᱻҶƭһӡ 
ҶѵǶСȸûȥĵطҼǵǴӰϽֳŶԵ 
Ҷһ˿㵣˫ȭȥˣ 
ԫȻҲţӦòȥ˺ȶŶԣѾԼˣ֮˭ټȶ 
Ҷ㻹ûشҵ⡣ 
ҶŭӺԫлҰӣӴ⣬ΪʲỹҪʣѾˣ 
ӵķ֡ 
ԫóˤ˵µıѾ߶ŵ纫ԫŨŨѪ 
һֱƭңҶͰ 
ҶȶϸϸССϣΪȶִϵı֪ԫѾ˹棬Լһȶɡ 
ԫɶ񣡣 
ǱЦĺԫɰϵѪҶصһȭȫûзĺԫڵأſڵûҶɿĶŶԫԳԵЦЦصڰ칫ͷ˶еûᱯַЦ 
ԫĽߵ컨壬ȶѪԼȫȺ˫֣ȶ춾 
ȶվ᲻㡭ǲǸҶһˡ 
32 
ľɫХҶȴ޲óܸӿЩӹ˾ȶСҪСʱԫ˾ټϹȥʱ䣬ȶǲ֧ȥ 
δ϶һ˵ĸ飬Ϊļ٣ĳ϶ȶѾ˰ĳ̶ȣԼ죿Ҫȶ뿪ˣźã 
ʱһһţҶս˷̣ţڸЩʱ 

ԫ֪뿪ˣԽԽˣ׫ӵĿֽҵĶſ˺ܾðɡ 
ϵѪϸϸʶǸģȲƵģһƬ壬һ·ҲãϾʵ̫ѿˡ 
ǡȡ΢Цû뵽ԼͷԼЩ£ϵĻߣûԼҵģԫҪɱӦҲİɡ 
ϣԫܵͷ 
֮˱пɺ֮ǿɺ֮ˡ϶Ҳп֮ˡ 
ȸ硭𣿡 
С׫кŨıȶͻȻ뿴׫СϹģǺСͣѪȵĳ棬ҪûҡҲˡ 
ݡ׫۲ۡ 
ԫסֽãӦúʹɣҪԼɰͺˡ 
ۡء˼ΪȸˣǸ˵һֱѪ׫ȸ˵һֱ㣬ѣΪˡء 
׫һŨŨǸΣѡڴ˿뿪磬»׫۵һĨˡ 
޴֮ʣǸˣȻҲܼң˵֪ұ˷Ѫڴĵذϵˡ 
С׫Ҹ˵¡ǡ 
ԫǵûлúʹ˿ڻҪСֻʱѶѣʶûģйҲá 
׫ƾһǻ񽥽ˣҲ 
ں롭ǲǡҡ 
ȻиԼǧ飬𰸶Ѿ޹ؽҪһ֪ͷҲŷҶңǱҪ 
û뵽ᣬԼȴһ鰮ĺ˵Լİ⣬ȶЦˣ 
ĳ죬׫ҲԼϲˣǸɡ 
׫ҪϲˡԱܰѰ⼰ʱ˵ҾܶˡǸĵغֿɰĺӡ 
СС׫ʮ죬֪Ѿû־סʣȸҲһһүòã 
׫ 
׫ֺҿȸһϲүģҲףһȸ磡粻Ҫ 
׫һҵ˼һҲΪʲҸҶǿƣ 
˶ףɽľʹϮңʵûа취Ծȡ 
ӵͷҾһҶĳӣ 
׫ƺҲˣӨ˷ܵĶҡ 
ǿģǺԫȥûйϣ˿첽̤ʵ̫ڣ 
ߵһԽƸգxɬۣʹķ˿ʱӳ 
־һΣҶ 
33 
˳Сĵƶǰģ־ֻţҺҽȥģǾû¶ȵʬ塣 
̤ûйϵеѪζŨɢȥҰеƵλÿ˿أžһһ 
ȶ 
ȶҲԶ޵Ѫ֮УĺӶҵģһȼϣ 
˲䣬ҸеǧֻϺݺݿҧͷϵ⣬ģԭۡ 
ҶȫȶȫѪǬݵҲġ 
 
Сķסȶһߵ鲼ƵĲһӾͱѪʪҲҺ̵ѪΪʹȶ岻ϵز԰׺ѪɫСºüۡ 
ȥҽԺ 
ȶҡҡͷЦ̣ҵҲʼģˣҵȶֻˣҵİˡ 
Ҷšԫ˵㰮ҡǲǡ 
ҵǰȶҳϵϵ˿ҲȾȵĺ죬Өˮ⣬ȶҿԼųӡ 
Ҳ 
˵ˣȥҽԺѪֹס 
Ҳ֪Ҫҵʱˣ᲻ʹ˸ı䣬룬ȶվǻҶȥ 
ȶԭ͸ĺʱץҵֻķ£ƽ̹Сϣ峺ĿⲻңϸϸǺȴǵ 
ԭᣬο𣿡 
ұ˺۵߳Ѫȵӣȶۣȥ̽ 
΢ıϢŷĵؽڸ 
ǲǰ㣬Ҷٷһˣȶ 
ҽԺ·ϣɫѾǳĺڣ貵ĵƹԳӳȶ԰ȾѪգһֱ룬ʲ֮˸ӡ 
ҪȶİϣԶңȴԸϵìԼҲ 
ʱʶȶпԶ뿪ңȥҵ˵硣 
ΪֻҪڸסԼӵģʹȶڣҲ춻ġ 
٣ҲûгҰ 

Ҷ˿ټתͷСȶţ绰ܿͱͨȵһͷ 
Ҷʲ£ 
ȶˣ˺ܶѪֱȥҽԺ׼ѪŲס 
ĬһᣬЩԥȥ𣿡 
ѹ˷̣Һ޺Ϊʲģ֪ȶߵģΪʲ᲻ԼʣƫƫҪΪһˡ 
ԡ 
̾һ뵽һģҶϹĻŲסȹһˡ 
ཱུҷĳ¶ΣҶȶ׵ȥ 
34 
һ۾Ҷڿ뿪ǸСѲ֪жԶȻֹסѪŪҶϵΣĵؽѪյ۽ޣøΪҶӱ졭Σա 
ҶΪں£οң£ҿȥҽԺͻûˡ 
ٵĴһƱ־ҶתͷңԽԽҰ׵ɫ̲סҪסҽԺĺܿ͵ˣȶ 
ҴδҶ᲻ӣû뵽һο״£ҲҶҲûбϣΪʲҵȥ 
֡ҡΪʲᡭ϶Ѳɾ䣬ҶȻ֪ʵʲᡣ 
ҲҪ 
Ҷ 
ҶûпңΪҲȷ飬Ҳʹ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲᣬҲҪ 
֪û˵ҶҲ޷ܾģٶ˵ҶҵһС 
㡭ҲҲС 
ҶһҲû뵽һ˵ֻҸоָЩãҶŶ˵ 
ȻҲܷߣҵˡ˵ûдûҵ׼Բ뿪ңȻҲȶ 
ӣǺۣʹʶǺ״̬£ɻۡ 
ҰϵģȻǸħ 
ֻ໹Ҫųڰⷽ档 
ҶǸų򡭣ϵĴų򡭡ҷ仰Ҳ֪ҶǷҵ׹ǧ֣û 

ҽԺͷѾҽԱͷҽѾԵȶϻɼҵ׼õҡ 
ȶڻ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ˡڵֻǰܻһȶڲõĽҲкޡ 
˽ģƺҲȾ˱ĽŸУҿմ˲ٵѪ֪ǲȶѪ 
ĵȴʱ䣬ҿѾõ˫ʮʹҲʱϨȶ˳ҰĻţǰһϢģһתͷһҲ 
ȶ 
ͬͬʱ 
ҲˣĺӣҼǵ׫޵ú׵˫źƵġ 
õĿ֣ĳкص˺ˣʧѪ࣬Ҫ෽۲죬 
ʱûΣա 
ԴǴйȶ£ҲûˣһΣͷ׫ȥСȣ 
ҲҪȥ֪ȶûһۿ϶ҡ 
Ҷȵȡ 
ҲʱΪλסңһתͷ©˵ʲҪչȶעˣ 
Сθĩڡ 
35 
ҵԣҶɫʮѿǱUĿӲ٣еֻǽ壬ҵı飬дġ 
ƣ۵忿ȵİǽСʱ۾ЩƣƬĳξĴ£ϵĵذ壬˿뿴Ҷʹ 
֪Ҽı顣 
ҶմѪ˫ֽץ죬ĺдɲѪ˿ûҪңոֻںΪ̫ۣǲǣ 
㻹ǲǵʹ㣬Сȶ˵ǲǺҪĴڣ 
ƾ飿ûеҪ˵ʵ 
ǰദѣ֪ҶһѪпˣǸڻˡ 
ƾ㣬ѾˣʹٽСɵ֮£ΨһȨ֪ģСȡ 
Ҷ֣оǴӺζС 

㡭ҲҲС 
֪Ҷ૵ĵ뿪ң֪ԼòǲǣΪʲ᲻Լչ֪ͲὫİƫԶС 
Ҳȥ˺ͷνķֻ֣ȶٶˡ 
Ҫ㣬Ҳð֪ȥˣúչɣҶ 
Ҷļ򣬡ֻʣĻֲˡ 
ʹҲ 
ҶĿ֣סǰ󣬺˹ĵİһȭû뵽ҶͻȻȭǱصڹ⻬ĵذϣ·ĻԱĺ棬ҶﳤȥıӰĨĨǵ˿ڣһĨЦʹˣû뵽ҶĴң¹Ȼܶ 
ʲ취ء˭Ҳ̿סܣżҲĵġ 

Ҷߵ뿪Ĳǰ׫Сڴǰȶû˺ȶԼڣ֪ûл᣿ 
ξҪԼϰҲνˣ˵氮ǲ˵ģһˣûĿܡ 
βжʧңҶܷˣȶ 
ᣬܹҽһϣԭСֱӵˣңΪ˽ΪƬĲŽߣԱ˺ 
36 
˹ǬɬĴͷ۵óŲۣƵգӦᡣ 
Աߵײذҽ߻תȥվǼˣ޳Ϊȥ۵ 
ȶˡ 
ҶҶǿӣҵ߻ǺϰͻĹߣֱۡ 
ֻҪͲܡ 
ΧͻȻúֻܾʣԼصĺһ۾ɨĲҶ뿪ˣ֪ȥˡ 
ͷԲϰοԼ˵ϲʲģҲá 
̰ǿҪҶİֻҪȱ뿪 
Ҷľܾ֤ԫվǻˣҶֻˣ뽫ĵط 
ҶȻϣȻΪģҪ򵥶ѡ 
֪ˣԼлһʱգǸʹһʱˡ 

ȸ硣 
Բͯڲſתͷ輰׫ỹаûҶ 
Ҵ֪Ҷȥ 
ǣ׫ʶ̵֣ߵҵĲǰҰɴɻЩ΢Ѫ 
ԫ£ȥСûˡ 
ѹҵֵᣬҿӨɴȻᱻѸٵʧһ˲䣬ЩûڣҵǰͺáҲʹ࣬ϲϰܱҶá 
˭֪ءˣڿûο㣬С׫Ҳȸɡ 
׫ȻǸĺӣʹµľ飬Ȼ峺Ͼңǲ۲ 
ССӣǿܓkļ紹µķ˿𰬶ע⣬ͯ͸¶죬ȸۣޣȸ˯Ͳҿˡ 
Ҳ֪ԼЩʧ̬Ǭᣬ̧ʪۿң߳ſڿһ£ԵСҪҶ⡣ 
̾һޱȵĳأΪʲҸҶʼղѵط±˴ˣһҲɡ 
ŨܵĵĶסˮͫʱҪˡڡ 
ΣҲͷӦø춽һҶ 

37 
Ҷ֪ϼҽԺֻͨǻҲ֪εļΪʲᣬֻ֪ʱ 
˵ԫشҶĹ˾ 
˵ҶΪҵ£ȥԫһܡ 
ҶҽԺʱ䶼ʱ˯ģ׫ͯЬĽŲǳߵҺܿſ۾׫һװǺС 
ԲĴգͰ͵ؿңǴߴҪҸϽ򿪣ǵĲģ 
ҶȻ֪Ӵ붼ǣΪҺ޵׫Ҳǰꡣ 
׫˭ģ𣿡֪ʵѯ׫˭ҲҶѣ 
ʶ̵ƽǺڻ׫֧֧ػشңǡǰ̡ 
׫ǸƵĺӣңΪһǶƭҼģ 
СС۵촽֪ҷʵǵԴĴҶģҪҲ˵д򹴹G 
Ҷ磿׫Ϊʲ᲻үˣ 
׫ֳ˷ܣǺзϣҵĲ齣Ҷ 
˵үͲˣ˵ٹ죬׫ͿȥСѧˣҪȥร̨ɫƯĳ 
׫赸ģһʼԼҲ˵Ҷ 
Ҷܹúõչ׫Ҳʲỵ¡ 
ؽ⿪Ǻǣһ򿪺иǣ˲εζϱǼ䣬˲ǰɡ 
һ׫׫ɻ˲һζԲ壬СһţѡЩǸŽһûζеɬ 
ÿ࣡ 
ɰСһţ뽫Ǹ³ȴ˷ѣֻܺҲҲǣؿңЦͣ 
ҳԾ³ɡ 
׫һԥؽеĿԼɰ׵ϣѹ 
һۣԼ˷˺ܰĶ𣬻ؽǷϡ 
ȸ磬ҲҳԡԲ𡣡 
ҰѿǷԭĺһԹӵĳóˮǣ׫ζӦܸǹ˲ζԲ 
ˮ⣬ءม 
ĬĬǣﺬһᣬѹ׫Һ˲ֻһ㱡ǸѹסԭеĿζ 
͵ҩڡ 
Ҳ֪ΪΣǿɬ˲ǣﷺ˿˿ 
38 
簬ˣûЦ⣬ӱⲻƵ֣һĨЦգӭĵʹĵ׶ԷǳЦǴӺζ 
ңҲġ 
ĬĬһΪ޵ƻҾĿǷĹʵһſ͸飬Ķ¶ǣػԼھΰɡ 
Ϊʲᡭ㻹ҵĵǶЦءΪʲҪҡ 
վ̲סؿʼļҲ֪øӵǵǸ 
ѹҶϲҿޣĿıȻͷҡ 
 
Բ𣬰 
ʹ֪ҵĵǸҲ԰ްǷ˰ܶ࣬ͷȻѡ 
ԼҲ֪ܸƽ˵ˡ 
ǰҶǺԫ 
˵ģҿ 
ȴ֪޲ 
˵Ŀϵ˺޸ңҲ⡣ 
Ҫ˵Ǹûкúչ㡣ҵӦòѡʹߵģʱˣǻԾơ˵ʲᶼ̫ˡ 
˵ûϸܹ緢֣ĻԻڵĴ󡣵˵ϸԭʹҵڣֻӵ̫죬鼰ҿٵĲ֮· 
һУҶǺԫûйϵûǣһڲΪ֪Ľ뿪磬ΨһڵģǰҶֲ 
ҵҲˡ 
ЦϿ޵Щ˵ױţֻ˺ʹ࣬ںƽҵ粻Ҷֻ׫𣿡 
ҽϵƻŵߵϣƣǰȵĵط˵ĺܺãʹҵֻʣһ죬ֻҪҵĻƽȵҾһӵƽҸˣ˽鲢ȫʱŵࡣ 
ȻᣬЦˣĵźҲһҲǰȱֻʣҶһ 
ŵСȣҶǰһˣ˵Ϊʲ㲻ԼҶһᣬ֪жమģ㻹ִҪŵ𣿡 
סұ˫֣ƵĿҲ԰׵գ֪Ҷ˺㣬Ψһˣ㼴ʹж᲻ϣ޷ĨʵҪ㣬ΪʲὫ⣿ 
ǰҴӰů۵ĽҶ´Ҳ˵ɹΪҶԶҡĵ޷Ĩʵ 
ҪģѾû㹻ȥİ顣 
Ҷܾаǿҵһעкޡ 
39 
ˣ 
ɫĴ㶵ؿ⣬ͷӳҲ֪ܿ˳ʵ 
Ѿһˣÿ졣 
ǵ뿪Ҷʱ򣬴ͷƬݵزſʼŽW˱ǵĻݣżܿƮĻɨ͸ྲĴǰ 
Сȡ 
ǵĿң֪ڵʲᣬҸҺʱ뿪ǳ˵˶ʤ죬վӲϲÿ˶δ֪ȷ 
ᰴĦЩ۵θһ嵭ЦݣֻǾʱúܿ죬ûб˼㲻ҪʱʱַҲµı鿴ңһθ۵ģҲѧѧ׫Ҳǿĵġ 
⼸׫Ҳʼѧˣһ¿ξҽԺ飬͸СԲǴЦǺξĴҸеĻԾǶá 
׫Ǻӵ˼С㻹͸ѹҪȻ϶㻳޵ûء 
һ˶Ϊᣬο׫һеĺӣĴ͸һᣬӵػ 
ţǰɡ 
˵𣿡 
׫ڲſڣܵе㼱٣׫ƯЬ˹¶΢Ц׫ҲһЦݣҽݹСŵͷ˳һˮ׫¡ 
ʲἱأǽҽԺû 
ֽ׫ߵĵεκˮǬ׫Щشºذ壬ҷѧ 
ͣΪ׫õĶҲ׫֮ΪѣǽѧУҽԺ֮ģ϶Ҷˡ 
᲻˵ˣҶûи˼˵лл 
Ҷ֮£׫ӼмΪѡ 
ȸ粻׫ΪҶġ 
ͷҵģﷺһ󲨱UԼ֪ǸúҶǰҶޱһ֮䡣 
뿪ˣֻʣ׫ԹԵԱߵϾ飬ҿϻڰеСţٶЩɵ 
鿴𣿡 
׫ҡҡͷʣǶˣ˸ͷ 
ͷҡøǬ׫Ҵ𰸡 
ȸ磬ҶָǺˡβ̰มֻҶѹҲŲģԡҰûˡ 
׫ɥСһԼʧı顣 
һ԰ɣҸպҲˡ 
ڣҲ֪Լˣθ۵úܣһŵʳζǬŻҾȻ׫ȥһԣȻẦˡ 
Ȼ޷ֹ׫ȥǣҲϷݵڴϣ׫ҪҰǺС 
Ǻر࣬ҷﱳúء 
϶һľӣҴ򿪸ӣ׫չͷǚG 
ҲϾںĴżΪʲỹҿżҶѵͲܷŹ 
ѾᣬǸˣɻǾĥȤ 
סԼ壬װżĺӻһԣס̲סʪۣһɲѹֵͻȻ˳ֹסһ 
§סҲͬһ㡣 
ȶޣġ 
˵Ļǹ齫ʹٲƴȴ֣ܺͷһӲµ 
40 
Ϊʲᡭءſҡ 
ƿҶʹҶɽȦڻʪҶǰһӣֻصϣҲ޷ 
ߣֻܷǿߵİڲ 
ҶҾᣬķſңͷȥһۣȴøףҪҶûһ 
ȶʱܾҵİòãҶɬʵ 
֮ǰʲ̬ܾһеĸأνһϷѵܾûУֻͻȱؾ뿪Ļˡ 
ûаʹУҲѾ޷ٸĵز 
ûа취ˡ 
ҸоҶĵ뿪ҵ壬˵Ҳû 
˰ɣҪϷ˼Ҷһ̸֮˵һЦ¡ 
ңȴϣõҶǸڵİ 
ͻȻ˵ֱٴνֽٵҶ˵ģһ˲оԼֻ˹ʹֻж̶̵ļ룬ҵȷܵȥģڴĳֶ 
ҲҪ㰮ңȶֻҪҵİұܸлϲԡ 
ҶøҽԺԱΪʱҲԱߣΪθʹǬŻʱԣҲϣҲԽʱ⸱ɱģ 
ҴؼҺǲģڹ˾ʱû˿Ժúչ㣬ҸûѾﲼúˣ͵ͷ 
Ҷסҵ°ͣСĵزմ˻ǣò񻰣ǰҲ϶һ룬ҸҶ첻ߵѵ 
΢΢Ļ˵ңֻͨҪЩķҶ㲻ΥҵԸΣǿЦķ̡ 
ҪҴǶӣٴνǸ 
ĵطʲ𣿡 
˵ͬʱĵҲԼû뵽ҲܹҶǺԫ˱˵ģ˵ĻҲʹµĶħ 
òİ飬˱øӳªzybg 
㲻ԸûйϵõģҪ˵ЩĻ˻ġ 
ӽҺҶһľ룬ȴһԽĺ蹵ҲҶҶҲԽ 
˫ĿԸҶʹ㿡¶ı飬ȴһ̾ϢᣬҵܳҲᡣ 
Ϊʲ¶ǧǧģҶֻһ̾Ϣܽһ壿ֲĵ׵ŨҰȻܼ򵥵ȥή 
ҶһҪ˰һСӸ̨Խ˲ڴ߷ϱ˪ϣһذƤҡ׫𣿡 
ҴȻӣûлشҶЦݣմȾ̤֭𣿡 
ҲˣԶһұҪǰһʹҡұѡ񡣡 
ѵѡֻҶһ㵽ᣬһ 
˽ǷִߣҲһĥ˺ 
41 
˺ԫѶҶ˾ĴҶҲ¶˴ƣ飬ദԽã֪ԷҲԽν֪֪ˣȴܾˡ 
˵Ķ̳ŪССĲҲ⣬ԫܰҶȲԹʵĿ´ҡڵ߽ 
һƨɵ˫ɳϡ 
ΪҶԵʣֻҪɨһۣ˵ԵӣڵǰҪľ̫ȻҶǸ˵Ƿ磬˵̵꣬ùԫǶ 
춺ԫ˵ҶĲͬҶԴìܵУ޹ޣȻأỹǺݲģʹҶû˵Ҷڹؼʱ̳Сݽ͵ҽԺϣʵѲ 
ûһǴĺݵˣɥĲҲһһۻģԫůȷԼҪ¶įˣķٶ޷ԺԫȥǿҵĿ־壬ʹԫжŨҵǸ⣬ԼҲֻӶ 
ڰɣ 
ԫѵǰڣ󲿷ֵʱֻˣϿҰҲûһ仰΢΢һ£־ĺʶҶӰԫ֪ҶֳҶȥˣոӦÿ˲Ŷԡ 
ҽŵؾֵµĴȻ֪ԫٶЩʲᣬֲĿ־ǲܰγԫָңҾĴ޿ɱضϻҰȴɼĻͫпԵıһֲκ˽ˡ 
Ҷ԰ɣ 
ֱ񣬺ԫץסұļ򣬲ӱܵĻᣬȴڷһĲʱȻſ޳˫֣ӨĻɫĽëȥҶȥͲüˣǺܺã 
Ҳ뺫ԫϵĽᣬԫ˵öԣҵȷЩڲҶȥԭ벻нӴҶΪ˼빫˾֮䣬ᵽ˲ʱɵİǽ׫ѧ˾񣬷ҽԺʱ佥٣Ҳ֪Ҷ⡣ 
ԫ鵽סԺϢᣬҲÿն̽ԼԭĿûﵽԼԮ֮䡣 
ҸҶȥһǵҶ˵һĵͷȥԸ뺫ԫӽľ룬ûϵҡ 
ԫңĬĬԭλʵҶǺҸģ϶˲飬϶ԭ춼顣 
ԫĿҶҶһ˸ոպµ뷴ԫ޻̸֮ûУ¡㲻Ҫ˵ 
ϣȡ 
ԫȻЦܾ壵ЦҵЩʹһ˾ҪŻ¶ֱ顣 
ԫϸģҪ˴ķʹ˺㣬Ҵûƭ㣬ٽҸƣҪģֻЩˡ 
ȶվ᲻㡭ǲǸҶһˡ 
˭ҡҲ֪ˡ 
иƵİǰҪȥܽΪѪĻվ޻Ļ꣬ڳ֮ɢȥ 
42 
ţЩҶᵽ˾ȥʲҪļֱҽԺҡ 
ˡ˵ˣ 
Ҿɫ컨壬Ҷѹֻϣյ磬ҶȴùԼϢʲ¶ԵС 
ΪʲҪ̶ֳȣ 
Ҷ 
ÿÿҶĿ⣬Լ᲻رܿ˫ʹĺڵҲ˻ȥҶΪֲǼţݵ 
ٽҸơ 
ΪʲΪҶϲҵģ 
һжǴģֻǻĥ˴˰ˣҶΪҶ 
˳ңΪʧһģڴǰֹĻҲþʹ 
ȶ˯𣿡 
ҪֽƳ˵Ѳٶԣûȥᣬ״̬ദͬҲеš 
æһҹչңü˹£ȴ㲻ǣӦýһУ뿪ҲãټҲãĸܡ 
ûشҡ˯ˡ 
Ҳֻʱ̣ҶŸңůĴƸװ˯գЩɵıϢҶҲ֪飬ȴûдƣҲάٵĺг 
ǣһ뿪֮ǰ 
һҪЩʲᣬһٶȻָƽ 
Ҳ˳ܵȡ 
˯һҹعڸ߿ϣҹЩ⣬ҶǰСƻͷֱԼ㿿΢Сҿˡ 
֪Ҷ϶Ȼߴһ¾վҲûһٿڶ˵ 
ڶ˵ȶ 
ҶϽ˹ƫͷȥʹز޷Ҷ۶ӣ΢΢ĲҲʼδģԭҶҵӰ죬 
ҡܿʡ 
Ҷҿʣ־ҪˮƿˮץµıûҪȻ¸еʧ룬ҡҡͷҡˮҬˮʵ֡ 
ҶͣµˮĶؿң̧ͷͷĳ£Щĵ׏һ̣ҶͻҶȥɡҲã˭֪ԼˣƢģοҶ϶֪Ѷ˵ġ 
ֻҬˮ𣿡 
Ȼƽȣһ˰ɡ 
ҵͷֻܵʹͷҶŭȥ 
ϸ˵ĺܸˡ 
ɻ̧ͷҶ΢ıȴȶȵĴַҵ䣬ҵȻϵԼӦƿȴûжŵ 
΢΢ϢҶҵӣüһǡ 
ھȥ򣬿ܡеã˿˯ûϵһٰѡ 
ҶƤ߳ϵĵԻ䲡յģҶٻˣҹҬˮģ϶֪Ϊ 
**ƽ˯ˣȴ۾ϵؿţҲɵˣȻҶһ֪һԣȴԸ˷һҹʱԼġ 
ϣΨһģҶ 
ûͻȻԣҿʼصĿصڲһ˲䣬Ҿµˡ 
糿Ѿ͸ůůҫϣ̧գʪɵۿ͵ĵӰ 
ȶȺܾ𣿡 
ģҶЩ 
ȻᣬҲزסŬղԸģҧ˫̤ҲȵĲݺײһˮҬˮζ˻ 
43 
ءȥǲǡ 
Ҷ§ҵ壬ǰִִұϾǸĲţû¾ֻҶ΢΢ϢҰҶŽұشϣԱ߷ë 
ϴּšʪŵ׵۸Ǭ 
ЩĴڽͻȻո붬ĴֱҶΪһ˫ë࣬ůߴҲػңҲٺ¶ĿẮ 
̧ͷҶԶ˽⣬Ϊʲ㶮ҵʹҵĸܣȴ̵ 
˺ң 
ȶҪҬˮϰﻹװܽȽϷ㡣 
Ҷ͸ܲܽףװ˰˷ҬˮݵǰҴûҶͷģﲻΣؽӹӣȴûһڡ 
ȥˡҹûҬˮġ 
ҶҲŷϸմЩۣҲ˲棬ϵҬ֭ϣֽϲҶûģ¸ԼҶؤ֡ 
ҿ˳мȥǵȵ糿ˮ̯ſϵǮϰҲ̵ܵȥǮˣ֮ⱭҬܷ֭ѹģһҪС 
ҶɵЦҫ۵Ľڳرʥ࣬ҸеԼݺʹĶħһ񣬡αء֪ҡ 
õҶסĺҪŨҵУȻ֪ûΪʲỹҪȥء̫СҵľˣҲͷġֻҪȶҪĶҶ취㣬ֻҪϽң͹ˡ 
ҿٵҶǣƣȻ֪ˣŪ㣬αҵľ籾ߣ 
ҲԭģϾ࡭õ¡ 
˵ľΪҶͻӵޣҶЩͨͨҽϻıۣٴѣҶӲǲţҲ޷ʩ 
ԼܣֻҪؽΪһоͺãҲΪ˸ѹŴߵġ 
ҶЩӵҵҲԽԽ۵ᣬΪʲҪñ˴ѹûͺˡ 
ǲǲĥԷǲǲڡ 
ˣǸʱ㽫»ں޵ᡣ 
ĻҾȶᣬԺ֮ȥ 
ȶ΢һӵĿϸСŨı 
ءû취ˡ 
ҸӱȶϣһЩٱģҴӲ֪һ˵ᣬ 
Լܡ 
ȶ϶˵ҡһǡᰮ㡭һᰮҵġһġߡҪ˺ˡ 
һ仰ȴֱĸоҿʼȶ촽ſϣԭ纫˵ģȻңֱȶЩҲԵطſ 
ҲߣֻҪﻹңҾͲߣȶ 
44 
ء 
ͣ˽ŲȶǣƿڴǰҽԺͷһƬ͵ĲݵأԭĴһ̵أҿȶ 
ڵʲ᣿ 
Ƿ׾ҴƳĬ 
ҳһĨʧЦϸ˵ѾѵˣҶ᲻֪㣬ԻⱨӦ 
ɫ½ķƮƮذɫҲתϸӰ񼴽ʧ 
һսϸ򵽵࣬첻֪ܲܳԵ¡ 
ʹһҲãܳŹƳ̣ܴһ㡣 
ԭǱƵĽûԼĻݣһͬ˺ûзƵˡ 
ĳϲͨ绰绰ﺫʲҲû˵ֻ˵˾ףĻϻҲ쿪ʼԹ˾ҲͣȻûкĿռ䣬ٲǵˣҲиʱչȶ 
ԫȶ 
㡭ΪʲһֱվȶؽƿƻشߣϴûŪãϵͷ˳˺ܶѪմ˴׵ı 
ҷϵܽѹҸ͸ƻȥͺãɻشϣûԣȥ˸ɱ࣬˵Ӫ嵭 
ȶ΢Ц⣬ڲϣƺͣιܵ˳סȶݵʹȣĽϣֱ½ؼһŮᣬȶǲѿɫùҽȽθˣովЩʲá 
ţãȵȡ 
ʹ֪ȶܣԸ࣬һȻеˣǻϣϷ 
Ӵóֽװ࣬ܽǣӭĸζʳָ󶯣ҨһСڣȶߣȴȶĴ΢΢ϸѾɢθŵطʳҲܵӰ죬ᣬٳһ㣬ȥߡ 
ȶѳˮȴֲþӨۿ˱ܣͷ͵ߵ࣬ЦɹһڣҨһ׵ݵߣϵϲȴȶסʱתΪţˣ𣿣 
ȶʹĵͷ԰׺ѪɫСһҸϽ˴µСͰȶͷЩճȥ˳İ໹һЩȺ졣 
ȶ˫ץͰӵıԵĬĬصᣬļ򲻶ϵضұͼһЩů 
ûϵһ㣬һܳԵȥġ 
ûˡʲᶼûãءһ³ˡҲҪ 
ȶſһؿ밲οȴ֪˵ʲᣬ˳Եļ׵һһµĸοȶ˵㲻ĿҪ֪ˣһҵģ˵չˣˡ 
š 
ȶ۾ȻЩףһʪëС˸ˬƿε꣬ǾȥҽԺͥȥߡ 
ȶЦˣȻҿεЦһ㣬˴ 
45 
ûȶĴڣԶҲ֪ʲʧȥĿ־壬ÿرȶǺȶһǰʧ֪ȶַʽ뿪ҵߣһֹסǲӿµǡ 
һּΪ棬˶Ķ 
Ϊ˷չȶԱѧ룬ȶڿʱ򣬲ذͷ΢ʹұϵΪϣڲֱϵѪ 
ȶԹ۲óʮֺ°ɫĴµ̺죬ҲǺԫΨһ֢ 
Сĵؽͷմ˾ƾ޻ѹϣѪٰȶϣڵҪпЩǿȶЦۿңھʣʲÿģ 
ļͿȻʿˣ˵Ҳʺϵҽ 
˵ءҶǰȶЬǰҪȥһ˫ҽԺȶͨЬӻሆ˽š 
֪㲻ѧʲᶼġ 
ȶ˵òûдСҲѧʲᶫȳ˿ֺã֮Ҳἰҵĳڣ֮ѧ̣ҲǳȤֻ򱾼Ϊ̣ҲǣΪ˼̳мҽԺҽʦ˺̤ѿĵ·ǣҼûЇʧܺ޵ζǳ̫ࡣ 
･ľֱȣֻϧ̫һȥƷĸζȱ޷Ҽȥ 
ȶҵĳĬϸָϵӣЦصҲÿ¶úõģһʼҴӾͳ֣Ϊ˲ʧӣ͵͵ذ 
ҿȶȫ׵ĺۼϵһƬ¶һĨЦ̣ҲҵһθеůĻǷġ 
ȶΣҽԺϸϵʯ·ȶҪȲʯӣһΪѵ㲻˵ˡ 
ҶҺûʮءߵһƬǰͣ£ȶʢĻͻȻ˵ 
ʱһʱǲ̫ˣʱҲỳϵҪһĿʲᡭ 
ȶҪ˵ˣ֪˵ÿһÿһ䶼ų߲ΣҸеʹˡ 
ûһƳһԲ͸һֱ롭ȴûд𰸡 
ȶ̺콿εĻţ䵽ԶĵذϣЩ֪ˣأҶʲɡأҺ֪ĺ֪ˡء 
ȶſϥϿʹŬסصķɸǲȥزסǱ갧ʹ 
ΪҿֲҲΪһΪȶҸȴԼһʮĺٲĵ 
֮ʼгĬұĲԸԡ 
ʢ֮ĻվҪ㣬ɪȵľɫж˻Ŀעӣ 
һߵȶǰʪ̧ϸǣעǸΪ˺¶˵ӡ 
ԲĴ 
ҵѪǲܽϵϴĵĹ켣 
һһж㣬ͻ֪Ǹᱰӵˡ 
46 
㣬Ϊʲ㲻裿ʹԴ㣬˵һ۲۵ĶħҳϡңԲŻҪٲԨʹࡣ 
ȶС֣ҿĳξҲ¿¶ҵĺ⡣ 
ҿٰңԭߣٻȥϽ֣һһЩǮ㲻ҪҲܹӡ 
ȶֿʼҵҶ䡣Ҵ׺òá 
֪ȶҲ˵ģҴûǸߵˡ 
ףô¸סֻ¶԰׵Сʳɺɫķ˿Ѿ˼˿ģһͻż 
㲻ҾͲ˵ˡ 
ȶֽҼϵҶϣҿȶڵᶨܸҪ˽һЩ飬ʲᣬ㻹Ҷ 
ҿȶ֪ǱԽεϰԶû̹ȻԱ˴ˣܹȥ顣 
ĴҪߣǰͣȰ˵Ҫұ˺㡣ǴСһ𳤴ģȴΪһСҷҼҲں 
ǸʱŷȶİѾζԸĵĵزǬཫȶѩıֻԼȥ 
Ҫںصˣǲǻ˶Ļ䣬׵ȶûжģԼϣֻΪܻԼһʱעӡ 
ȶҲһЦս̯ϥϵ˫֣ϱΪͷûĵ׸еһĪػţȶϸϸ˵ 
ŻὫҶѩ𡭣˺þãõ˯ˣ˯һǰˣΪὫҼΪվ᲻ҡ 
˵ʱܴһУϾЩ޷ʧģȶϸֱֳİװ̾ϾۣÿҼӡһΣҾΡ 
˵һڣ˵һ»ں޵ᡣҲţջǲܷ㣬 
ֻϣܻͷ㿴Ҳá 
ҿֻŵע˵ĿǣҪңȶ 
ȵܿ͹ȥҽԺͥ˼÷ԭӯӯҶҲݻƣȶȴ˵ϲľɫֵǳζеɡ 
ԣҳڴϣһ 
ԭǿ彥˥׫ÿȶ˼׫ұ֪ȶϣᣬ׫ҵչ³ˣҹⲻȥ˵ƣϣȶҿڣѺܾûмκһ¡ 
ͻȻԼЩЦ 
ȸ磬ͷ䳤ˣǰݻŮ 
׫굽ȶıӲҪȶճһſϰݣȶ¶Цݣ׫ٷʶ̵С֣ܱȵŮӣ˭С׫СŮ𣿡 
׫˸ɰĹȶǺЦҲŲϲҲСĳʲŮߣԭӱʴشҵ֣Ҳϲ³ݣȽϿɰһûиĸġ 
׫뵽ʲᣬСЦÿ֭ˣȶϸָ棬ȸ磬ҹµ´δȸò 
ȶͻȻһЦҵ©ģԴڻȶ¶ȥȶ㳣ֹĻЦʹԳֻһ 
ǶЦģȴ׫ҼͷͰҿ׫ϲһ׫ͬɶ¡ 
ԳɵѯĳˣҪҰɡ 
Ǭ౧׫Ц绨ĵЦٶʧȴ֪Ц濪ĻѰЦ 
47 
ҹ۾ҶҵֱԱߣεɫ毺õ٣ĿϣһжʱܹעˣҲ֪ 
Ҷ̹һǿұҪҶĻ䣬ϣ˴˵ʱ򣬲˺ 
ظҶĲ˯ݳһĨĵЦ⣬֪뿪ʱܲܺúõعԼ 
ˣ̫˯𣿡 
ҶͻȻ۾ŨŨЦ⣬Ҹոպþһ㣬Һÿġ 
ߴ§ڻҶҴľƵش֪Ҹμʲ𣿡 
Ƶҡҡͷܾ֮ľ룬ЩΣա 
μȶһںڰĬĬؿȴûа취һﰲοֻܿڽޣԼȴΪһĶΣǲǣ 
ҶƺҶ״̬е΢΢Ĳٰѹǰȴǽ§ۺЩ⣬ǳµĹâҲǷֵúҴûҶޣҲҼϿ޵ǴΣ֮ᣬҲû룬Ӧ¹ǵĻ 
ġû취뿪ңץס磬һʲӣĲ񡭡 
ʱҾҶʧĺӣԭֻųԼеԭ 
ҶȥһѷҵͷѾ̫׫˵ŮҶһյվǰүû޷ҲȻסҶֻ֣Ҫ޶һͺãҲûϵȤ 
Ҷû᲻þܾңֻһӣǰ޷׾ҰƳһֻ˹ֻ𣿺Ư 
ݻƵķһһڵϣҶԵʮרעϲӹ˾ĲƷµһֻġ 
ҰһťөĻĻƶ仯𣿻ǿ¼Ӱ 
ǰĶ޺ˣҶϵķмʾҪڴת򣬺ķβ 
¼Ӱգ𣿡 
ҵͷҶһǼˣȻϾˣ񹷿еˡ 
ֻǵ죬ֻಾҸҶЦʮֿģʹͷһ̣ؼǵҸĻȡ 
48 
ԭǸɰСĴۣ۵촽׫Щҿץ׫С֣֪ʮֽš 
û취´ɲɹҿ 
࿴׫һۣ׫Ц˹룬⺢Ӹһʼ׫ͬȻȴʮн˺öƭ׫֪ϲʲ᣿ 
ССߵߣֱ뱧ҶһӷһԹͽֱӣ治չԼ塣 
ɹȻһЦҶѣҴԼ״۵ˣһ˫ĴĿңͯڸμİ˵ 
࣬һ 
Ƽʧѹģ׫ǰֵҸ˵ܶˣסԺŲǱͱ 
ɻؿҶ벻û죬Ҹ׫Щӵ˼άĲ࣬һҲ 
ǰסԺˣȥ׫СסҶ˵ 
ҽڻ˵ǸСʹһȸͺöˡҲһġ 
Ҳ԰׵ɫƺЩɣڿҪҪҵĻҸȵӰȦֱۣеǵ죬֪ΪΣǰԼĿҶ֪Ҳͬĸо 
һ˸ϧĺӰ 
Сӱ˯ߣһûһµıҲͽұ˯ȥ׫һҲҵĴ§һ˯Ҷҵ֧ңұӸѹˣͻȻϸϸ߽ʹζ 
æֻ˯ò֪µСȥˣ۵ȶıһ㻹ĵСͷ磬治֪˵㡭 
֪ҰְŵģҲŲᡣȶǬֱϣҰøЩ 
ȶʱݳ̾Ȼ֪ȶûҵ˼廹ǳʵ˷ӦۼؽȲ£ˣ˾ԻһΡ 
⼸죬ҷֲﳣдѪֽȶҲֻǵĻشңֱעעʱѪ 
ʣȶסҵ촽ң޷ 
ǵȥЩպòáȶϣˡ 
šƺԽԽˣڵȶֻܿעӪάп 
ʵʼղԸ 
ԡҺٶ䡭һҲá 
λز(49)ǱĻ... 
͵λϴβֻ˺ܶƬҴ֪ᰮգ֪ͿԶһˡ 
Ҷݸһɫ͵ҲɣҪϲǮ 
ҶΣҸıףѾתļȲ֪ٺʱѾȥ 
ڶһҲһҽԺͥľɫ뵽һƬ͵ĲݵظصĻƯĻǶĴݣȫѩƯ 
һἰ죬ҶҶѩĶоζ˵ 
ȶȥݹʥǿٰһֵʥڣҲԼ׫һòã 
֪ҶһֱûȥңҽԺĵ׻ǼǶסӰʹֻһҲá 
ҵᣬҲŷҶǸˣȴ̫١ 
סůĴ֣ӦҪ󣬡ţǻȥʥҲԼòãһҲܹµ 
ССĺӣΨһϣϣܻñҾɡ 
ΪˣҶ 
ܸһƬ죬ͬԡ 
Ҷܷĵؽ׫ཻϣ֮ᣬչֱˡֲǣӵû취׷ĳЩĻᡣ 
ҶҵֹסߵǰССƣҵܸоҶŨ˳Ľëˢҵģº͵Щ 
㲻֪ڻж࿪ģֻҪϸһȥҪʲᶼԣһúúõģһߡ 
ͻȻһȴֹ¶ˣȻٰ˺ȴҲδƭңһĵطΪеʹ 
ԫҲһòãٶȶǰҪ 
ҿȶЦգҴûԭºһ죬ϾĶͷɱ 
𣿡ʡ 
ȶûлشҵ⣬ЦһƣָԶһ£վԶĵطȥҲܰһĽȥ 
˳ָҵķԽԽԶȶһӻ֣Ҫվռ£룬ӦҪЦһա 
վգϻЩΣȶƣҲûƸңҶĺ𣿡 
˲ȫ綼ֹһ㣬ҿشȶϻ䣬ҾŵǰȥԽӽһȶ޺ƺԽ 
ҽסȶµ壬ѪʪһƬĵϣȺСڸ˵ʲᡣ 
㡭Ȼʺϡȶҵ죬ѵ³־䣬ұҽԺĻϿ񱼣ֻҪҰȶ͵ңͻûˡ 
ԭץϵСĻ䣬ҿʻϣҲҪȥǻһֵʥҪ죬ߡ 
ȶһұ·̵ˮȴȶڴݵǶʱ⣬˵ 
ҶĿӽյˣΪůůرסңҸеġ 
λز(50)˻ص.. 
ڲͷϣӵ֪ͨҲæϵҽԺ֪Ҳ¼ȶһ档 
ǽģϡԸʿ׼ҩʧſڣҲʵˣ 
ҡҡͷЩƣҲ֪ 
־度¾һϲңĺȶ᲻ʱԶȥ 
ǵؿһۣҶ㻹𣿡 
ͻȻЦϰЩ֪֪Ҹղʲ᣿ҾȻԹԼǰΪʲ᲻ҽơ 
ҸͬΪҽұշ֣ȶĲҲڣҲֻؿǰܲħڶ޲ߡ 
Ҷ֪ûõģѾûаҽҲһ 
ԭҲʹ࣬ԣҲ벻ȥ 
Ҳˡ 
˳ȶڴϴֻĺ̵֪ȶߣֵֻסҵȥ·µĺһ˿ҶȱȥЩҲС 
Ȼ𲻰֪ұԳܵļ尾 
ֲڴ֪Ȼ͸˲ŻеС 
ȶǾȻˣӦûԺúûɣǲǣ 
Ҫ۹⿴ңֻҪһȶûҾͻٱĥҪĲûбҪİο 
ȶ״õ㣬شݰɣƳûãϸɢĺܿ졣 
˵ҲȶشݣҲ´ȥ˵Ƴ̻áҲֻǻ 
ˣȴûУʮƽߵȶĴߣΪ˳ҵķ˿ϸµĶ˺ö亹ղһӹŹǰתһȦɡģ㡣 
ϣ֮ᣬչֱˡ 
ѵҸߵĻҲ𣿡 
֮ᣬұȶ뿪˲Ժϴ˾ĳصǸ˵ļҡ 
ǵˡ 
еȶ˫ξĺĿңһĨů͵΢Цţ֪˫Ŀƺڻ䣬ζģҶζǰҵؼңкöҶڴǰܼһռȽƯģ֪ڲڡ 
§ݵ˶Ըǰᣬ΢գҲȣһֱеһ̡ 
ȶ̾һĵĵҶӦңչ 
ӡϣ㲻ƭҡ 
ֻ̾ϢҵΪ̵̣صʱ䶼ûС 
Ҳƭ㡭֪ 
֪ȶɻõһӶνߣԶֻҵġ 
λز(51)صݵ 
뿪ҽԺشݵĸ죬һӪעһͬ鷿Ĵǰͷȶ׫ͥԺҶεǺӼĿݻҶӣ߻ԵΣ˹ĵЩء 
ҶСʱߣ׼ 
ҶȶĿ̫̫벻ᣬȶᣬҶҲܲʧȥֿĴ 
ҴӦҪչӡ㲻õģȵӳˣҲŻȶߡ 
ĽҶ¶ֻҪҿĵףǾûķ롣 
ʥڣҸȶڣİɡ 
һЦҸӰȣҲһͷȴ죬һֱ޷ȥ뺫Ҳˣǰɣ 
ˣ᲻ȥȣҪĻ𻨣 
ҽԺвȻȥˣպӪһҪעΣ̧ͷ۴ɫ˻е硣 
ߵͥԺ룬ȶϸ׵һѿҶԱӶסСݣɫЩˡ 
Ҷ 
˫̤ϿҶѵϸ΢ȶңͣ½ŲؿȶϸĲӣϧ 
ȶָСݵһŴӣҲȥ￴ԼǸŮ˱һ㿪ģһſ˫㱧ҡ 
ʱǲҲĵЦ¼Ϊһ˲ϧԼеϣҸԼԲҪ룬˼ȴܿƵǶȥ 
ҶͷסңߴסļͷȶҪȥʹ£׫밬ҲãǲҪ˺Էòã 
ᣬһֻʣҸǻ˺ʹࡣ 
ҵͷ׫ǸҵҶ֪ղҲҶҲԼһɳص˼ҪҴܾѩȥܵĥ᲻һ㣿 
Ҷǰϵķ֣ҵָ˳Ҷ·£ĵǵȻȥȹܼҰʥҪ׼ʲĿţ 
ҪãһˣͻȻ 
ҶȫĿҶϷȥҶƮҸҶϣҼһƬϵҶӣһꣿĽɫʰһƬꣿ 
ҿҶᣬƯʪ̵ۣεҵֱϣƺҲҵĸˣԭֻŮ˵ 
һҶļڣһ᲻ 
ܲǵãжã 
52 
տʼƮϸѩСǰҶҵȥѩףϸĻΪ͸ˮΣϾ 
ҶԴůҵֱߺĿңҪڴˣˡ 
Ҷ˵һѽұ˴ߣܼһԵζʮ嵭ҶҸе£ιһڣ˺ܾòŸιһڡ 
ֻעӪ޷ŵʥ졣 
ʱǱ˯µٵ࣬յĻ˯Ҹ㲻ʲӣҼѵһ̧ͷҶѩˣʥҪǲ 
Ϳ쵽ˣȶҶ§ס΢΢壬һԵë̺ΪҸϣߴůů¯һΧңǻȵġ 
ǰЩҹ˸ƼٵΣμԼˣҶһߣͷҵ壬鿴ȴͣҵǰϣﻹ˵ҪһߣܻţһҲˡ 
ҲҪҶߣû׫סġ 
ȥʥҲ㲼õģ껹ǿߵ𣿡 
֪ҶΪҶЦҿڳεв˻ҪľҪЦñҶģԵҸ 
ջǵùԭ㣬ǣΪ˶;ֻǱһ˸ԡ 
ҲԸеҶЦñãԼϸɤû̫һҪٱȥʥװΡ 
죬ҶؽһѣΪҴϺصë£־òһɵëף㿴е㸣࣬ɻؿ⸱оҪţ 
ҶЦҵıǼ⣬ǽȥʥƷ 
ҿ򴰱߼ϵԴżʾҶȥս³ˣû˿˺ôżҪעˤˣʱҪܾá 
ԼҲ֪ûʱȡ 
Ҷ֪ҵ뷨ҽҷڴͷߵ߰Ƕż£ٻͷұ䣬ܼ߹ЦҶ˵ѾȺãʱܳ 
ҶҴ˳ӣԸ˾ģ·һƬããѩأһװξƷͣ£ҿҶһѶСˡССﻹйǰҪѡϲģ˼ҶҪ˰ͻشݡ 
˳ӣĵЩɻֻΪװƷҶ´ѩʱţҶӶߴ 
ȶ㿴ұߡ 
Ӳ֪ʱǰϽ֣װͦ˷¸ȵð̵ʳЩϽһӵЩϵϲɻˣҶĵطŽĵףĻ 
ÿʥҹҲΪȥչЩˡ 
ΪʲҪΪ 
Ҷһ㰮ңһΪЩ£ǲǾͲط룿 
Ҳ֪ڴǰѩҾΪЩʲᡭֻҪһ㿪ģ㹻ˡ 
һͷסҶĲᣬڿů 
 
λز(53)Ļ 
ʥڵ죬һѩɵ磬ǿ֪᲻ʲΣգӦҪȡģҲһҪʥ᲻ɡ 
ůһƬҶ̫ģѾʼֻûˣȫ˶룬Ψȱ˺ԫæʥΪҲҰɳϣźԫ 
ԫʱ򣬸պð׼ңԫһٺϣģվűҡ 
Ҷ֪ҸԫҪһռ̸ץɰĺȥ˵ҪǳԴ𼦵ļȣȻҲҸԫ̸֮ҲҶһȥˡ 
ҹ˾æˡ 
ԫٺϷŵϣζеϵİ㣬ƮΧĿС 
û׼ʲǸ 
չȥһᣬҲ֪ٺҲ㣬ָ˳Ļᴥԫ֮ԭҲƽ޲ 
˵ɱԼĸǰɣ 
ĿǣҲ֪شԣҲκһ˵˺ 
ҽĻǼ估ҵġ 
ɱȴѹٱˣͲġԫԼһ˶ıյĿռ䣬Ҳȥ 
ǰʼղ֪һʮĺӸĸףҪɱԼѡ 
ԣһγǰŲʹ顣 
ԫδƭңҲǣһӵб˻ӣƺԿѪ 
Ұѿڴһʥ˵װηŵԫ԰ϣԭҪӵģڴҲֻʣһû취ˡ 
ᣬҶ鷳ˡԫǸиˣӦĳЩ£ұܰĵߡ 
ԫ㶵ؿеС¶ӵ飬漴һĨȻ΢Ц֪Ҳɵɵȥ㣬㾡ܷġ 
ҲЦˣĺԫС 
һԷɡҶ˹ӹϰĻԫʮĽ飬Զ䣬ҷ࣬ҲϣҶѣ˱뻥֣Ѿ㡣 
Ҷһ£پ۰ɡԫҶƾ˷֣ߵԣҶһǣȣݰݡû˵ټΪѾټ˴ˡ 
ҶҵⷶȹһõͣҶͻȻסҵ˫ۣҶһûʥûڴ𣿡 
ӿЦҲЦʣԭҲʥˡ 
Ҷҵ˫չ˸ϣס˫۵ĴƣһݻܱǰߴҴ 
ͷĸˣҶҸӣѾʼˮʲᡭ 
ǵļңļҡ׫ǵĺӣһչǣòã 
˵ƺѾܲˣܳ밬ԸҼޣ½ա 
ͷѾΪ̫࣬ʲᰮޣҲӦˡ 
ҶóöԽ䣬ϣоҲԼˡ 
Զ룬ںδҶ˵ 
ʥҹѩµúܴ󣬰Ǳڿͷ˯£ҶĴΪҲǬͷ룬ΪʲŶԡ 
Ҷҡ 
54 
ȶë֣ﲼᶨ⣬ҲΪһ֮˽˺壬ܲиܵĽӴҲ֪þܾ 
ҪȵȶӺ˲ſԣҰͷǬͷʪʪĺ׸ð΢ҵĻϸ壬γҵĽ룿 
ҿԡ 
ȶҵĻӴϹһδӦ֮ǰȦסҵľ촽۵౿׾ҵȴŶ롣 
ֿ˴꣬ȶɫΪһ˿ﷺˮ⣬ϸϸɤҽжٳһЩԵġ 
ҳĬȶͷ󻶶˵ǼޣҵԥȻе߳ܲ۽죬Сһ񣬡Ҷ㲻ϲ𣿡 
Ѱ಻ס׽ĳ嶯ȶȴʱջңҲ޷ֹˣѹǾϸĺǻϸǱÿļķԾǣǴң᲻㡭Ȼʱ޿뱧㣬һǲ㣬Ҹڡ 
ϸ˫Ȼ䣬Ǵ۵ҴУȶϸСֻҪͺˣԵġ 
Ҳ˫ƵȶͬȦסʱʱĸοֱ˿ʼڳЩ΢ҺıѾʼ̧ȣȶߺ͸ӣմҺָδ󻬵ľֻҪȶһüұ˳һ֣ʹֻ֮һĻʻ˼һǲԸðա 
ȶ֪ҵĹ˼ɣͻȻסҵһ̧ú·ָ̽˻δ׼õڱڣûµģҪҡ 
ҰϣҽϣҳŵֻҪһ˿ʹټȥĽָֺڴϣȷֿ࣬ҷ½ӣµШҲһûȵڡ 
ֻһ룬ȶɫߺģ̣Ҫӣȴʹһеȫǽȸһݣȶҧʹģʲ궼ᣬֱۣЩŭصʲ᣿𣿡 
ȶҡҡͷѾʹˮˣʹġšҶſ˹Ҳ˳ȻرסЩ΢΢֪һֻһ˵ĸо𡭣 
֪ 
ȶ۵ΰѾʼѪʱϸ˵Ҳ׵ߣȶ뿪ʱ䡣 
ҪӦңһӡʱ䣬Ҫáһȥͣذˡ 
ѪԽԽ࣬ѾҲݺӵĵز㣬ҲٰˡѪȶҷ 
š˻ȶüģһ֮ҲΪ㵹ҴȤЦո˭˵ԼԵģľֵء 
ҰͣѪ´˹ҩͿ˴ʮమϵȴ٣ҲϧǶʱ⡣ 
ȶ˭о顭 
ЦҲ㣬Ǹϣӵ˴ˣֱ콥ˣȶȻ񣬰ţ˼ҪҪѵ۵ʱ⣬ȶʹɫǺҲҪһֱ·ð˳㵽ҷµһ˯¸ҡ 
ֲֻðٰ㲻Ըȥţһȶҷһ漴ָֻƽЩֵҺݺһɣû˳ǬĨ˰ɣ 
ͻȻеʮãȶûɲһٰɡϹȻһ죬ĿŵؿϵȶȶҪһ˯£쾫ã˵ҲܳԵ£򰬶˵¥ȥͣȰҹһȶ 
ЦһƣҪûȥ㣬óѵСˡ 
˯¸һ嵭ٶȴ򿪷ţȶ˯ˣȴѹеĲ壬ߵߣɫȻЩ԰ף»ģոջڸ˵ˣûɻġûɡ 
ȴİοȶ˯գģÿ糿ˣ˯µģ㲻ǲ봩ҵ˯³Ҫ 
ȶ˯̽ıǼ䣬һ㶯ҲûУҵӣȶ 
һû˵Ҷ㡣 
ûٶ˵ңϲңŲҵĻ 
 
˵ûУӦңǰҪһչǣ㷴ǲǲۣӳ㡭ǾͱչˣֻҪͺá 
ҶˡСء 
ʧſڴϿޣЩؿҪȶˣ϶̫ 
С˵ˡеһСйļһߣܽˡ 
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յ糿ɫ΢ĳӳڳҹɫҶĻＳȡů޳ָһ˳ҵķ 
Ҵû˵ҸһҶͻȻ̾Ҫû㣬ҵ 
ǲǾͻȱȥʱһ᲻롣 
ҾĬܻѵһ죬ȵյ٣ֻøаܡ 
ԽԽҶҵлҪԼߵͷҶҶǲԼֻҪһ㣬Լ޺һߡ 
Ҷ 
СȣҶ𣿡ǵҲңͷš 
˸ڽҶ֧ΪľǸ̸ҶߵǰĿӳҵ֮ͫУҶҶļ䣬ǿҵ 
ֱҶ뿪֮ᣬҳٳٲܴʧķŴƿߣһΣǲǻòͬ˺ܾãӡ 
£һû˯Ҳʼ֧ˣĴˣ 
šͷҹĴѩͲˣ뻹һģҼȥȼȥ 
һԸı䱻˵ˣֻҪԸ⡭ 
ֻȥ˷ܽѣΪ˴ʧʲʹʲ˼Ŷȥˣȴó˫ʹࡣ 
ҽʶ֮УҶȻʹһ˵ʹʱȥ֪ᣬΪǰѱ˴˷ĵطʱȥ 
ʵҲҲ뿪֮ᣬҲļ䣬±Ͷ̥Ҿȫļ䡭ɬѪЩӿҵߣҶһסҸ˵ҲҪһظҲҲԸٽܡ 
סҷ˫ֶ֣ů࣬ΪʲҪԼ˵飬ҪܾҶΪʲ᲻Լ˵ 
Ҳ벻𣿡 
΢΢رƤѾԽԽû˯ȻҪúϢһ²СټҶǱ˵ῡ͵ݲı顣 
ֻΡˣ 
ûӦŵң֪޷ܾκε󣬶ҵĺãʼ벻ллл㡣 
ͷѩѾͣˣҼǵѩڵʱǻر䣬Ҷ֪ûжһ¡Ҽǵ˯¸ֺҪǸðˡźã 
ɫ컨壬ɫܳҼʻҶЦףʹĽǰƮεϡ 
һû˯ۣҶ 
˵˯һ£ֻҪһ¾ͺá 
ȶʥڵĸˣԫ˰æҶȶ£ѩòڰо˯ȥ⼸ѩһֱû¹ϸ׵˫ǰзһǾޱһ㡣 
˵Ҫң֪㲻ĵˡߵʱûʹİɡ㡭˯һ 
ԭļ佩Ӳ֮ȻһģְǻӲ 
֪ԶҵҵļҲʧ 
ڰ׹죬ԫʼûгɥϣҶ֪һĳȻģֲҪ 
ʶȶ˲࣬ɫ׷ͥԺһ磬ǵȶ£ȶӼķҶԼʲʱŻ 
ȸͶ仨ߡۿѾֱǾޱϡ 
׫ǣЩӵ࣬ǰһŶɹʧȥ̵ʹȸ硭 
׫ȸһȥǲǣ 
š֪ǲһĵطУȸһȸˣû˶ϲν 
ȻʱͬǴǳȴˣСǶ׻ŽľУʢĻһ飬ȸ磬ϲˣһԥĶ˵ǵԼ 
һֽǣδ׻࣬ĬĬĵᡣ 
ȸ磬ϲ㣬㱧˵¡һ㡭ʹҪǵûӴ 
˽ż⣬ȶļ򴦣ߵ׫Ҫˣϴ׫ҲҪ಻ޣ̻ģ׫ҲܿޣȸҲһ 
ĨĨᣬƵߵߴֻʣһûΪȶŻߵľǰǶɫǾޱͷ촽ʥڣΪ˸Ļ䣬żҪұİɡ 
סǽϵ˫ָ֣ϵĽָ˭Ҳ᲻ߵģҲңҵ㣬ֱߵ졭 
ᣬΪȶڶϱһİ׻ 
볾ʹڣֻصȥˡ 
ǷΪ˼Ķط߾أ 

--ʮᡪ 
Ĺ԰λÿͣνΪϸǸһͷǳɫķ˿һɫĻ׵һĹһ˿ȸ磬ˡ 
һҲɵ뵱ǸĿɰкмƣҲմȾҶİš 
˵ĽˣǻԾ̳ϣû⼸Сëͷֵŵأúܺá 
Ǹڷ￴żĬģǻǸ׻Ĺľϡǰ磬öֻԣ꣬һ㣬ͬҲ֪źáȸߣҲȥ￴ɡ 
׫վ𻹶Ĺ࣬岻ãһֱȻҪƶѪˡ 
ͷ˵ļ䲢Ǻܶ࣬ԶǵãϸǸůӵΨһĻ䡣 
Ȼ꣬ȴٸ˵ÿһĻҶЩԱһΪǸˡ 
׫ԱѰϵĻҶֻһȸ˵ˣʲĸάֶʮȻû˿ıʣ 
㣬ڻûд𰸡 
ʶҶ֮ᣬҾ֪ǸˡǸǰչ¶Уǿ϶ʶ֮ǰ°ɡ 
࿴һ𳤴׫ǾƮµѩܸõļ䣬ʥֿ쵽ˣҪʲȹ죿 
׫һᣬ̽ÿʥǰᣬ븺𿴹ҶԴᣬһֱܶҶģϾȶ죬Ҷֵ̫侲ⷴġ 
֪ܻа취ġ 
磬ʥҸڼСۻᣬҪعˣ˵ӷ硣 
׫֣վҶǰʹ޽м˿߰ףȴȥ֮ʱݷʱ˥϶ȥֻꡣ 
ǾͰɣû£ǾȥϢȶ˵˵ 
׫ߵǰӵĿ⿴ǵҶһҲĵرߣԼҲһ 
ŹϣҶҲߵԣЩϾɵľӣͷɵһ͸˵ȡ׵Ĵż⻬ϾͬձǾޱΧ˵ݡ 
ûѾˣҲ˰ɡ 
żʵУʥڣŵϽΪչЩƶʲʱŻὫҴߣ 
ʼղˡ 
ֻͷ۵ĺգԼ͸ҵǸҷ˺ôŽǱǲݣҵʱһ۾ϳ 
֪㵣ʲᣬҲֽԼҶֻΪһ˻ҲֻΪһ 
ʥ죬ͷȻϸѩİѩһı㲻Ӱ 
̣ȵòͣܿͻˡļ򣬴ߴò͡ 
Ҷÿʱ򶼵ȥˣǲǣµҲµĺۼʹȻǸ˭Ůԡ 
ţܿͻˣÿ궼ģǸȥȥȸŵ 
ٿѩ毺˳ǰοЦˣҶǸŵˣʮȷúչӣҲ¸ҵĻȥ 
ҲСˡ 
ԴСᣬңܾ̫ȵĻ䡣 
࣬ϲ׫Ҫ֪飬ῴ׫ܺãҲһ⣬ͱ˼̫ࡣ 
̣ 
ΪԼѾصĺܺã׫֡ 
Ҷȶ֮䣬Ѿ̫ʹ࣬Ҷ㷢Լ⣬˵˵ʲᣬѾȥʮˣҾȻĻᡭ 
ʮʱ䣬ԼǬ𣿰Ըù̵Һµͬʱ 
ҶڳϿһȺװڷů¼ʸ·ֶ棬Ҷ˳ţһʮϾʽֻϽȥЩͦ˼Ҷ³ҪǰȴҶֹ˵һԱ߾һǸ¡ 
ѡһû˵ĽںϵǷᱻŪ࣬ͷµϸѩһ˫ȵڰţǰҲ𣿸оܹ¶ӡ 
͸һŨܵ۽ޣ޳ָ⸧ǹϵֻϴά޲ŵ֪ͨңֻ֧ѾɵòˣҪǸ죿û֤ݵǰ˵Ҫ㻹ǰҵġ 
ֻԣөĻһȶڲĺգǳǳЦݹǣԼҲһ 
ֻйİ£ҶзԤԡ 
Ҷ 
ţ㰮Ұ 
Ҷȶʹ⣬ԼӱܻǷϣȴûԶлԼ 
Ϊʲ㲻ˡһشİ 
ΪʲҪ˵㲻ٰңǲұ𣿻㵣ҲչǣҴӦģȫˣʮˣҲٵһʮ˰ 
Ұ㣬ȶ֪ܲ 
ϸѩԽԽܣϸϣϢΧסȶѩһӺǰһ㣬ϹģǺңԶǰԼЦݡ 
Ҿ֪㲻ĵġȶ 
¶ʮģһЦգֻΪš 
߽Ҷķµһֻά޵һϸµüͷ𣬡վǱסˣĻ䡭 
ΪҶ¼ǶλĵʱԼҲԱߣʹȶĻΪʲ᲻˵Ǹ˽ֻǵЦҪҶ˵ˣĻǺ𣿡 
Ǹ𰸣ʱԼҲûش𣬾Ҳһ 
ûʰȥľĴżһǸ˴ȶ䱦Ķ 
׫¥󺰣ȥϽ֣ҪϰҶ 
ΪǸͷ׷Ѱȣ֪ǲܵ° 
׫ĳϽ֣˻ڷҶĲ£ת΢΢ĴϢͷĿҪһ㡺Ҷ 
Өѩϡ 
һڱѩ̸ǵϾǽߣֻөĻѾ£ȴͣ˵ԡ 
ǲԸҲûѩǵĲվ˯ȥǻˣҸЦݡ 
춣и 
ţҶ㰮Ұ 


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